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THE  ORIGINAL  UNITED  STATES  WARSHIP 


MONITOR.” 


COPIES  OF  CORRESPONDENCE  BETWEEN  THE  LATE 

CORNELIUS  S.  BUSHNELL, 

OF  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN., 

Captain  JOHN  ERICSSON 

. 1 AND 

Hon.  GIDEON  WELLES,  Secretary  of  the  United  States  Navy, 

TOGETHER  WITH  A BRIEF  SKETCH  OF  MR.  BUSHNELL'S  LIFE. 


ERICSSON,  BUSHNELL,  GRISWOLD  AND  WINSLOW,  CONTRACTORS  WITH  THE 

GOVERNMENT. 

THOS.  F.  ROWLAND,  BUILDER  OF  HULL  AND  TURRET. 

C.  H.  DELAMETER  & CO.,  BUILDERS  OF  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  MACHINERY. 
DANIEL  DREW  AND  NEHEMIAH  D.  SPERRY,  OF  NEW  HAVEN,  BONDSMEN. 


RECORDS  SHOWING  HOW  THE  PLANS  OF  THE  MONITOR  WERE 
URGED  UPON  THE  GOVERNMENT  AND  FINALLY  ADOPTED. 


WITH  PORTRAITS,  ILLUSTRATIONS  AND  COPIES  OF  CONTRACTS 
FOR  VESSEL'S  CONSTRUCTION. 


Compiled  by 


WILLIAM  S.  WELLS, 

(late)  2ND  ASSISTANT  ENGINEER  U.  S.  NAVY. 

UNDER  DIRECTIONS  OF  THE  CORNELIUS  S.  BUSHNELL  NATIONAL  MEMORIAL 

ASSOCIATION. 


New  Haven,  Conn.,  September,  1899. 


'Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1899,  By  WILLIAM  S.  WELLS,  in  th« 
office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


THIS  COMPILATION 


IS  RESPECTFULLY  DEDICATED 

TO 

SERENO  S.  BUSHNELL, 

REV.  SAMUEL  C.  BUSHNELL, 

MRS.  CHARLOTTE  BUSHNELL  WATSON, 
CORNELIUS  J.  BUSHNELL, 
NATHAN  BUSHNELL, 

ERICSSON  F.  BUSHNELL, 
WINTHROP  G.  BUSHNELL, 
EDWARD  W.  BUSHNELL, 


CHILDREN  OF  THE  LATE  CORNELIUS  S.  BUSHNELL. 


PREFACE. 


As  long  as  the  history  of  the  United  States  shall  endure,  the  thrilling 
story  of  the  battle  of  March  9,  1862,  between  the  “Monitor”  and  “Mer- 
rimac”  will  retain  its  fascination. 

The  people  of  this  country  and  the  nations  of  the  world  have  not  really 
known  the  full  story  and  the  real  spirit  or  energy  to  which  we  are  prima- 
rily indebted  for  urging  the  construction  of  this  initial  and  then  invincible 
vessel  whose  first  encounter  marked  an  epoch  in  the  development  of  arma- 
ments afloat  and  ashore.  And  although  thirty-seven  years  have  passed 
since  that  memorable  battle,  and  articles  innumerable  in  books  and  maga- 
zines have  appeared  from  time  to  time  in  regard  to  the  building  of  this 
first  type  of  modern  war  vessel,  it  has  remained  until  this  day  to  compile 
and  present  herewith  some  information  heretofore  unpublished  in  full, 
which  will  show  that  it  was  through  the  efforts  of  one  man  chiefly  (the 
late  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell  of  New  Haven)  that  the  work  was  accomplished. 

The  following  pages  will  show  that  it  was  Mr.  Bushnell’s  untiring 
energy  and  patriotic  devotion  which  vigorously  pushed  the  plans  of 
Captain  John  Ericsson  to  final  completion  with  not  an  hour  to  spare, 
and  which  operated  in  a large  degree  to  lift  the  gloom  that  hung  over  the 
country  during  one  of  the  darkest  days  of  our  history  as  a nation. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Bushnell  was  a citizen  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  his  towns- 
men with  many  others  desire  to  perform  a duty  due  to  his  work  and  worth, 
by  erecting  a suitable  memorial,  to  cost  $25,000.  The  State  of  Con- 
necticut has  generously  appropriated  $5,000  towards  the  expense. 

A committee  of  our  foremost  citizens,  not  only  of  this  State,  but 
throughout  the  country,  has  undertaken  the  task  of  erecting  this  monu- 
ment, and  now  gives  the  country  and  the  State  an  opportunity  of  showing 
their  substantial  appreciation  of  that  in  which  we,  as  Americans,  take  such 
great  pride,  and  which  has  been  of  such  vast  benefit  to  the  United  States, 
as  well  as  to  all  civilized  nations  of  the  world. 

Contributions  may  be  sent  to  The  New  Haven  Trust  Co.,  Mr.  T. 
Attwater  Barnes,  President;  First  National  Bank  Building,  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  Treasurer  of  the  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell  National  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation. 


CORNELIUS  SCRANTON  BUSHNELL. 


1862. 


THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  “MONITOR” 


WITH 

A SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  LIFE  OF  CORNELIUS  S.  BUSHNELL. 


In  this  country,  it  is  not  the  accident  of  birth  that  gives 
a man  sure  and  permanent  distinction.  His  achievements, 
which  have  benefited  humanity  and  marked  steps  in  the 
world’s  progress,  are  the  measure  of  the  honor  accorded  him 
while  living,  and  of  the  pride  and  reverence  in  which  his 
memory  is  held  when  dead. 

Upon  this  roll  of  citizens  entitled  to  high  honor  for  per- 
sonal worth  and  public  service,  the  name  of  Cornelius 
Scranton  Bushnell  should  have  especial  prominence.  He 
was  born  in  Madison,  Conn.,  July  19,  1829;  died  in  New  York 
city  May  6,  1896,  and  was  laid  to  rest  May  9,  in  Evergreen 
Cemetery,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

His  father,  Nathan  Bushnell,  and  his  mother,  Chloe 
Scranton,  were  respectively  descended  from  Francis  Bushnell 
and  John  Scranton,  who  emigrated  from  England  to  the  New 
Haven  Colony  in  1638,  and  were  members  of  the  company 
which  purchased  the  Guilford  plantation  from  the  Indians. 

His  youth  was  such  as  to  develop  an  inherited  strong 
body,  and  the  influence  of  his  home  instilled  into  his  mind 
the  foundation  of  a sterling  character. 

He  was  an  extraordinary  man,  a typical  example  of  Amer- 
ican pertinacity  and  versatile  ability.  Larger  in  stature  and 
physical  development  than  ordinary  men,  he  excelled  them 
also  in  activity  and  the  power  of  comprehending  great 
things. 

His  commercial  foresight  and  appreciation  of  special 
merits  in  mechanical  inventions  were  the  marked  charac- 
teristics of  his  eventful  life,  and  enabled  him  to  accomplish 
much  for  which  the  people  of  this  country  and  the  world 
should  be  profoundly  grateful.  At  the  age  of  15  he  began 
his  life  work  on  a coasting  vessel  and  one  year  later  was 


7 


iii  command  of  a sixty-ton  schooner.  He  remained  in  the 
coastwise  trade  five  years,  when  he  established  his  home  in 
New  Haven. 

At  the  age  of  21  he  married  Emily  Fowler  Clark,  who 
died  Jan.  jo,  1869.  The  result  of  this  marriage  was  the  birth 
of  nine  sons  and  one  daughter.  Seven  of  the  sons  and  one 
daughter  survive  him;  also  his  widow  by  a later  marriage. 

He  was  for  a time  associated  with  his  brother,  N.  T.  Busli- 
nell,  in  the  grocery  business.  In  1858  the  New  Haven  and 
New  London  railroad  became  embarrassed  for  want  of  rev- 
enue. Mr.  Bushnell  became  interested,  and  perceived  that 
the  onty  way  to  put  the  road  on  a paying  basis  was  to  make 
a connection  with  lines  to  the  eastward.  Through  his  efforts 
and  the  great  assistance  of  James  I.  Day,  of  Stonington,  Giles 
F.  Ward,  of  Saybrook,  Conn.,  and  other  friends,  legislative  and 
financial  support  was  obtained  for  building  the  road  from 
New  London  to  Stonington.  He  was  made  president. 

The  importance  of  this  new  through  mail  route  between 
Boston  and  New  York  required  his  presence  in  Washington 
at  this  time,  and  brought  him  in  close  contact  with  the  execu- 
tive officials  of  the  government. 

The  War  of  the  Rebellion  was  seen  to  be  inevitable.  The 
city  was  filled  with  disloyal  conspirators,  and  our  national 
officials  and  property  were  practically  without  security  or 
defence.  When  Fort  Sumter  was  fired  upon,  he,  with  others, 
sojourning  in  the  city,  and  some  loyal  residents,  enlisted  in 
the  “Clay  Battalion”  for  the  purpose  of  guarding  public 
buildings  and  the  residences  of  officials  until  reinforcements 
could  arrive. 

His  “muster  into”  the  service  bears  date  April  18,  and 
his  “muster  out”  is  dated  May  4,  1861.  He,  however,  in- 
formed the  writer  that  he  performed  service  from  April 
13th.  His  discharge  bears  the  signature  of  President  Lincoln, 
and  that  of  Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War,  with  the 
expression  of  their  thanks  for  services  rendered  at  that  crit- 
ical time.  (See  fac-simile  of  discharge  in  Appendix.)  This 
service  made  Mr.  Bushnell  eligible  for  membership  in  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  he  was  duly  mustered  into 
Admiral  Foote  Post,  No.  17,  Dept,  of  Conn.,  G.  A.  R., 
on  June  5,  1886,  and  was  buried  with  Grand  Army  honors. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road Company,  and  a potent  factor  in  pushing  this  great 


8 


enterprise  to  completion.  He  alone  of  the  original  organ- 
izers remained  from  start  to  finish  in  this  important  work. 

He  amassed  a great  fortune  in  this  and  other  enterprises; 
but  later,  he  was  unfortunate  in  advancing  capital  for  certain 
enterprises,  especially  the  construction  of  the  Atlantic  and 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  development  of  iron  works, 
mines  and  coal  lands,  etc.,  and  in  giving  endorsements  and 
guarantee  bonds.  Like  many,  he  recognized  too  late  the 
reaction  of  the  stimulus  given  by  the  inflated  finances  of 
the  war,  and  suffered  the  loss  of  nearly  all  he  had  accumu- 
lated. 

Mr.  Bushnell  early  saw  that  the  Civil  War  was  inevitable. 
He  aprehended  the  magnitude  it  might  assume,  and  foresaw 
the  important  part  our  forces  afloat  would  have  to  take  in  the 
conflict.  He  seems  to  have  been  providentially  selected  to 
take  a most  important  (although  in  the  public  eye  an  incon- 
spicuous) part  in  this  great  struggle.  He  appreciated  the 
value  and  necessity  of  sea  power,  offensive  and  defensive, 
and  that  it  must  be  provided  quickly. 

With  the  expert  assistance  of  S.  H.  Pook,  a naval  con- 
structor of  Boston,  the  plan  of  the  ironclad  “ Galena”  was 
developed,  and  with  the  cooperation  of  Hon.  James  E.  Eng- 
lish, member  of  Congress  from  New  Haven,  he  received  a 
contract  to  build  this  vessel.  Mr.  Bushnell  also  established  a 
shipyard  at  Fair  Haven,  Conn.,  and  built  many  steam  and 
other  vessels  under  the  superintendency  of  Mr.  Pook. 

It  was  while  consulting  mechanical  engineers  as  to  the 
probable  stability  of  the  “Galena”  that  the  most  momen- 
tous incident  in  Mr.  Bushnell’s  life  occurred:  his  meeting 
with  John  Ericsson,  of  New  York.  Not  only  was  this  a most 
fortunate  incident  for  the  welfare  of  our  Union  of  States,  but 
it  was  productive  of  an  epoch  in  the  world’s  naval  history. 
After  Mr.  Ericsson  had  shown  him  the  plans  of  the  Monitor, 
Mr.  Bushnell  at  once  comprehended  the  value  of  that  novel 
vessel.  He  acted  quickly,  and  his  sterling  patriotism  and 
energy  were  proven  by  his  instant  approval  and  vigorous 
advocacy  of  this  new  and  untried  type  of  warship.  With 
untiring  wit  and  consummate  tact  he  forced  upon  our  govern- 
ment the  adoption  of  the  impregnable  turret  which  has 
become  standard  with  the  navies  of  the  world. 

As  one  of  the  sureties  to  the  United  States  Government  for 
the  satisfactory  performance  of  the  “Monitor,”  with  the  Hon. 


9 


CAPT.  JOHN  ERICSSON, 


N.  D.  Sperry,  our  present  Congressman,  and  the  late  Daniel 
Drew,  of  New  York,  bondsmen,  Cornelius  Scranton  Bush- 
nell  risked  everything  he  possessed  on  the  success  or  failure 
of  a craft  derided  by  one  of  the  Naval  Board  at  Washing- 
ton as  being  “unlike  anything  in  the  heavens  above,  the 
earth  beneath,  or  in  the  waters  under  the  earth.”  The  story 
of  the  memorable  battle  between  the  Monitor  and  the  Merri- 
mac  in  Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  on  March  9,  1862,  need  not  be 
repeated  here. 

The  following  copies  of  the  original  documents  reveal 
clearly  how  the  plans  of  Mr.  Ericsson  were  unexpectedly 
brought  to  light,  and  how  they  were  promptly  carried  to  com- 
pletion through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Bushnell,  who,  for  a period 
of  fifteen  years  after  the  conflict,  was  singularly  modest  and 
reticent  in  regard  to  the  part  he  took  in  those  stirring  times. 
He  used  to  say  that  history  would  take  care  of  itself  after 
he  was  gone.  But  in  February,  1877,  to  make  a record  for 
history,  and  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  friends,  among 
them  Hon.  Gideon  Welles,  late  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  he 
addressed  a letter  to  Mr.  Welles,  reciting  the  story  of  his 
efforts  which  led  up  to  the  Monitor’s  construction.  But 
before  sending  it  to  Mr.  Welles  and  to  make  sure  there  were 
no  statements  contained  in  it  that  would  not  meet  with  the 
entire  approval  of  Captain  Ericsson,  the  letter  was  first 
sent  to  the  inventor  for  his  criticism. 

Ericsson  F.  Bushnell,  a son  whom  Mr.  Bushnell  had  named 
after  the  inventor,  was  given  permission  to  forward  the  letter 
to  Captain  Ericsson,  as  he  desired  to  receive  an  autograph 
letter  in  reply. 

Captain  Ericsson  returned  the  letter  March  2,  1877,  saying 
he  did  “not  think  that  any  changes  or  additions  were  needed, 
the  main  facts  being  well  stated.”  (See  fac-simfle  copy  of 
Captain  Ericsson’s  letter  in  Appendix.) 

Thenarrative  was  then  sent  to  Gideon  Welles,  whose  'letter 
in  reply,  dated  March  19,  1877  (printed  in  Appendix  in  fac- 
simile for  the  first  time)  was  in  entire  harmony  with  the 
letter  written  by  Captain  Ericsson  and  fully  corroborated 
Mr.  Bushnell’s  recital  of  the  facts  and  accorded  him  full 
credit  for  his  timely  assistance  to  the  Navy  Department 
and  to  the  nation. 

The  following  is  the  letter  to  Hon.  Gideon  Welles,  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy: 


11 


Hon.  Gideon  Welles 


Dear  Sir : — Sometime  since,  during  a short  conversation  in  regard  to  the 
little  first  Monitor,  you  expressed  a desire  to  learn  from  me  some  of  the 
unwritten  details  of  her  history;  particularly,  how  the  plan  of  the  boat  came 
to  be  presented  to  the  Government  and  the  manner  in  which  the  contract  for 
her  construction  was  secured. 

You  doubtless  remember  handing  me  in  August,  1S61,  at  Willard’s 
Hotel  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  the  draft  of  a Bill  which  you  desired  Congress 
should  pass,  in  reference  to  obtaining  some  kind  of  ironclad  vessels  to  meet 
the  formidable  preparations  the  Rebels  were  making  at  Norfolk,  Mobile 
and  New  Orleans.  At  that  time  you  stated  that  you  had  already  called  the 
attention  of  Congress  to  this  matter,  but  without  effect. 

I presented  this  Bill  to  the  Hon.  James  E.  English,  Member  of  Congress 
from  my  District,  who  fortunately  was  on  the  Naval  Committee,  and  untir- 
ingly urged  the  matter  on  their  attention.  The  Chairman  of  the  Committee, 
A.  Ii.  Rice,  of  Massachusetts,  also  cooperated  most  heartily,  so  that  in  about 
thirty  days,  if  I remember  correctly,  the  Bill  passed  both  Houses  and  was 
immediately  signed  by  President  Lincoln.  The  Bill  required  all  plans  of 
ironclad  vessels  to  be  submitted  to  a Board  of  Naval  Officers,  appointed  by 
yourself.  The  Board  consisted  of  Admirals  Smith  and  Paulding  and 
Captain  Davis,  who  examined  hundred  of  plans,  good  and  bad,  and  among 
others  that  of  a plated  iron  gunboat  called  the  “ Galena contrived  by 
Samuel  H.  Pook,  now  a constructor  in  the  Navy  Department.  The  partial 
protection  of  iron  bars  proposed  for  her  seemed  so  burdensome  that  many 
naval  officers  warned  me  against  the  possibility  of  the  “ Galena’s  ” being 
able  to  carry  the  additional  weight  of  her  armament. 

C.  H.  Delamater,  of  New  York,  advised  me  to  consult  with  the 
Engineer,  Capt.  John  Ericsson,  on  the  matter.  This  I proceeded  at  once 
to  do,  and  on  supplying  him  with  the  data  necessary  for  his  calculations 
promptly  gained  the  answer,  “She  will  easily  carry  the  load  you  propose 
and  stand  a six  inch  shot — if  fired  from  a respectable  distance.”  At  the 
close  of  this  interview,  Captain  Ericsson  asked  if  I had  time  just  then  to 
examine  the  plan  of  a floating  battery  absolutely  impregnable  to  the 
heaviest  shot  or  shell.  I replied  that  this  problem  had  been  occupying  me 
for  the  last  three  months,  and  that  considering  the  time  required  for  the 
construction,  the  Galena  was  the  best  result  I had  been  able  to  obtain.  He 
then  placed  before  me  the  plan  of  the  Monitor ; explaining  how  quickly 
and  powerfully  she  could  be  built,  and  exhibiting  with  characteristic  pride 
a medal  and  letter  of  thanks  received  from  Napoleon  III.  For  it  appears 
that  Ericsson  had  invented  the  Battery  when  France  and  Russia  were  at 
war,  and  out  of  hostility  to  Russia  had  presented  it  to  France,  hoping 
thereby  to  aid  the  defeat  of  Sweden’s  hereditary  foe.  The  invention,  how- 
ever, came  too  late  to  be  of  service  and  was  preserved  for  another  issue. 

You  no  doubt  remember  my  delight  with  the  plan  of  the  Monitor  when 
first  Captain  Ericsson  entrusted  it  to  my  care;  how  I followed  you  to  Hart- 
ford and  astounded  you  by  saying  that  the  country  was  safe  because  I had 
found  a Battery  which  would  make  us  masters  of  the  situation  so  far  as  the 
ocean  was  concerned.  You  were  much  pleased,  and  urged  me  to  lose  no 
time  in  presenting  the  plan  to  the  Naval  Board  at  Washington.  I secured 


12 


Hnrpor'a  Young  Hcoplo  Copyright,  I860,  by  Unrpor  Si  Brother*. 

“monitor”  defending  u.  s.  frigate  “congress,”  march  9,  1S62. 


MERRIMAC  ” RAMMING  U.  S.  FRIGATE  “CUMBERLAND,”  MARCH  8,  l862. 


at  once  the  cooperation  of  wise  and  able  associates  in  the  persons  of  the  late 
Hon.  John.  A.  Griswold,  of  New  York,  and  John  F.  Winslow,  of  Troy,  both 
of  them  friends  of  Governor  Seward  and  large  manufacturers  of  iron  plates, 
etc.  Governor  Seward  furnished  us  with  a strong  letter  of  introduction  to 
President  Lincoln,  who  was  at  once  greatly  pleased  with  the  simplicity  of 
the  plan  and  agreed  to  accompany  us  to  the  Navy  Department  at  ii  a.  m. 
the  following  day  and  aid  us  as  best  he  could.  He  was  on  hand  promptly  at 
1 1 o’clock  the  day  before  you  returned  from  Hartford.  Captain  Fox, 
together  with  a part  of  the  Naval  Board,  were  present.  All  were  surprised 
at  the  novelty  of  the  plan.  Some  advised  trying  it,  others  ridiculed  it. 
The  conference  was  finally  closed  for  that  day  by  Mr.  Lincoln’s  remarking, 
“All  I have  to  say  is  what  the  girl  said  when  she  put  her  foot  into  the 
stocking,  ‘ It  strikes  me  there's  something  in  it ! ’ ” 

The  following  day  Admiral  Smith  convened  the  full  Board,  when  I 
presented,  as  best  I could,  the  plan  and  its  merits,  carefully  noting  the 
remarks  of  each  member  of  the  Board.  I then  went  to  my  hotel  quite  san- 
guine of  success,  but  only  to  be  disappointed  on  the  following  clay.  For 
during  the  hours  following  the  last  session,  I found  that  the  air  had  been 
thick  with  croakings  that  the  Department  was  about  to  father  another 
Ericsson  failure.  Never  was  I more  active  than  now  in  the  effort  to  prove 
that  Ericsson  had  never  made  a failure.  That,  on  the  contrary,  he  had 
built  for  the  Government  the  first  steam  war  propeller  ever  made;  that  the 
bursting  of  the  gun  was  no  fault  of  his,  but  of  the  shell,  which  had  not 
been  made  strong  enough  to  prevent  its  flattening  up  with  the  pressure  of 
the  explosion  behind  it,  making  the  bursting  of  the  gun  unavoidable;  that 
his  caloric  principle  was  a triumphant  success,  but  that  no  metal  had  yet 
been  found  to  utilize  it  on  a large  scale.  I succeeded  at  length  in  getting 
Admirals  Smith  and  Paulding  to  promise  to  sign  a report  advising  the 
building  of  one  trial  battery,  provided  Captain  Davis  would  join  with 
them.  On  going  to  him  I was  informed  that  “ I might  take  the  little  thing 
home  and  worship  it,  as  it  would  not  be  idolatry,  because  it  was  made  in 
the  image  of  nothing  in  the  heaven  above,  or  in  the  earth  below,  or  in  the 
waters  under  the  earth.”  One  thing  only  yet  remained  which  it  was  possi- 
ble to  do.  This  was  to  get  Ericsson  to  come  to  Washington  and  plead  the 
case  himself.  This  I was  sure  would  win  the  case,  and  so  informed  you, 
for  Ericsson  is  a full  electric  battery  in  himself.  You  at  once  promised  to 
have  a meeting  in  your  room  if  I could  succeed  in  inducing  him  to  come. 
This  was  exceedingly  doubtful,  for  so  badly  had  he  been  treated  and  so  un- 
mercifully maligned  in  regard  to  the  “ Princeton that  he  had  repeatedly 
declared  that  he  would  never  set  foot  in  Washington  again. 

Nevertheless,  I appeared  at  his  house  the  next  morning  precisely  at  9 
o’clock  and  heard  his  sharp  greeting: 

“Well!  How  is  it?” 

“ Glorious,”  said  I. 

“Go  on,  go  on!”  said  he,  with  impatience;  “what  did  they  say?” 

“ Admiral  Smith  says  it  is  worthy  of  the  genius  of  an  Ericsson.”  The 
pride  fairly  gleamed  in  his  eyes. 

“ But  Paulding,  what  did  he  say  of  it?” 

He  said:  “It’s  just  the  thing  to  clear  the  ‘ Rebs  ’ out  of  Charleston 
with.” 


14 


“ How  about  Davis?”  he  inquired,  as  I appeared  to  hesitate  a moment. 

“Oh,  Davis,”  said  I,  “ he  wanted  two  or  three  explanations  in  detail 
which  I could  not  give  him,  and  so  Secretary  Welles  proposed  that  I should 
come  and  get  you  to  come  to  Washington  and  explain  these  few  points  to 
the  entire  Board  in  his  room  to-morrow.” 

“ Well,  I’ll  go — I’ll  go  to  night.” 

From  that  moment  I knew  the  success  of  the  affair  was  assured.  You 
remember  how  he  thrilled  every  person  present  in  your  room  with  his  vivid 
description  of  what  the  little  boat  would  be  and  what  she  could  do;  that  in 
ninety  days’  time  she  could  be  built,  although  the  Rebels  had  already  been 
four  months  at  work  on  the  Merrimac,  with  all  the  appliances  of  the  Nor- 
folk Navy  Yard  to  help  them. 

You  asked  him  how  much  it  would  cost  to  complete  her.  “Two  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand  dollars,”  he  said.  Then  you  promptly  turned  to 
the  members  of  the  Board,  and  one  by  one  asked  them  if  they  would 
recommend  that  a contract  be  entered  into  for  her  construction  with  Cap- 
tain Ericsson  and  his  associates.  Each  one  answered,  “ Yes,  by  all  means.” 
Then  you  told  Captain  Ericsson  to  start  her  immediately.  On  the  next  day 
in  New  York  a large  portion  of  every  article  used  in  her  construction  was 
ordered,  and  a contract  at  once  entered  into  between  Captain  Ericsson  and 
his  associates  and  T.  F.  Rowland  at  Greene  Point  for  the  expeditious  con- 
struction of  the  most  formidable  vessel  ever  made.  It  was  arranged  that 
after  a few  days  I should  procure  a formal  documentary  contract  from  the 
Naval  Board,  to  be  signed  and  executed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Capt. 
John  Ericsson  and  associates. 

I regret  that  this  part  of  the  matter  has  been  misunderstood,  as  though 
you  had  made  terms  heavier  or  the  risk  greater  than  you  ought.  The 
simple  fact  was,  that  after  we  had  entered  upon  the  work  of  construction 
and  before  the  formal  contract  had  been  awarded,  a great  clamor  arose, 
much  of  it  due  to  interested  parties,  to  the  effect  that  the  Battery 
would  prove  a failure  and  disgrace  the  members  of  the  Board  for  their 
action  in  recommending  it.  For  their  own  protection,  therefore,  and  out  of 
their  superabundant  caution,  they  insisted  on  inserting  in  the  contract  a 
clause  requiring  us  to  guarantee  the  complete  success  of  the  Battery,  so  that 
in  case  she  proved  a failure,  the  government  might  be  refunded  the 
amounts  advanced  to  us  from  time  to  time  during  her  construction.  To 
Captain  Ericsson  and  myself  this  was  never  an  embarrassment.  But  to 
Mr.  Winslow,  as  indeed  to  Mr.  Griswold  also,  it  appeared  that  the  Board  had 
asked  too  much.  But  I know  that  the  noble  old  Admiral  Smith  never  in- 
tended that  we  should  suffer,  and  among  the  many  fortunate  things  for 
which  the  nation  had  occasion  to  be  grateful — such  as  the  providential 
selection  as  President  in  those  dark  days  of  the  immortal  Lincoln  and  his 
wisely-chosen  Cabinet — was  the  appointment  of  Admiral  Smith  to  the 
charge  of  the  navy  yards,  who  always  seemed  to  sleep  with  one  eye  open, 
so  constant  was  his  watchfulness  and  so  eager  his  desire  that  the  entire 
navy  should  always  be  in  readiness  to  do  its  part  in  the  overthrow  of  the 
Rebellion. 

I am  confident  that  no  native-born  child  of  this  country  will  ever  forget 
the  proud  son  of  Sweden,  who  could  sit  in  his  own  house  and  contrive  the 


15 


Secretary  U.  S.  Navy , 1861-68. 


three  thousand  different  parts  that  go  to  make  up  the  complete  hull  of  the 
steam  battery  “Dictator,”  so  that  when  the  mechanics  came  to  put  the 
parts  together,  not  a single  alteration  in  any  particular  was  required  to  be 
made.  What  the  little  first  Monitor  and  the  subsequent  larger  ones 
achieved  is  a part  of  history. 

One  of  my  associates,  as  noble  and  generous  a man  as  it  is  the  lot  of 
one  ever  to  meet  on  earth,  has  gone  to  his  rest — John  A.  Griswold— and 
fast  shall  we  each  and  all  follow,  but  it  may  be  a pleasure  to  those  that  shall 
love  our  memory  to  find  with  your  preserved  records  of  those  trying  times 
this  memorandum  of  the  unrecorded  private  negotiations  that  resulted  in 
the  opportune  meeting  of  the  “cheesebox  on  the  raft”  with  the  ponderous 
Merrimac  at  Hampton  Roads,  March  9,  1S62. 

Very  respectfully, 

C.  S.  BUSHNELL. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  March  9,  1877. 


Captain  Ericsson’s  reply,  certifying-  to  the  accuracy  of  the 
letter  of  Mr.  C.  S.  Bushnell  to  Gideon  Welles,  printed  above, 
was  as  follows  : 

New  York,  March  2,  1S77. 

My  Dea r Sir:— I have  read  with  much  pleasure  your  father’s  state- 
ment to  Mr.  Welles  concerning  the  construction  of  the  original  Monitor. 
I do  not  think  that  any  changes  or  additions  are  needed,  the  main  facts 
being  well  stated. 

Allow  me  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  your  name  should  be 
spe't  with  a single  r. 

Please  find  your  father’s  paper  enclosed. 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  ERICSSON., 

Ericsson  F.  Bushnell,  Esq., 

New  Haven. 

A fac-simile  of  this  letter  appears  in  the  Appendix. 


Mr.  Welles’  reply  to  Mr.  Bushnell ’s  letter  was  as  follows: 


Hartford,  19th  March,  1877. 

C.  S.  Bushnell,  Esq.: 

My  Dear  Sir: — I received  on  the  16th  inst.  your  interesting  com- 
munication, without  date — relative  to  the  construction  of  the  Monitor. 
Many  of  the  incidents  narrated  by  you  I remember,  although  more  than 
fifteen  years  have  gone  by  since  they  transpired.  Some  errors,  not  very 
essential  and  caused  by  lapse  of  years,  occur, — Sedgwick,  not  Rice,  was 
chairman  of  the  Naval  Committee;  Griswold  resided  in  Troy,  not  New 
York,  and  subsequently  represented  the  Troy  district  in  Congress,  etc.,  etc. 

I well  remember  asking  you  to  put  in  writing  the  facts  in  your  posses- 
sion concerning  the  construction  of  the  Monitor.  Some  statements  of  General 
Butler,  Wendell  Phillips  and  others  to  disparage  the  Navy  Department, 
prevent  the  truth  and  deny  us  all  credit,  led  Admiral  Smith,  in  the  Autumn 


17 


of  1S6S.  to  address  to  me  a communication,  reciting  the  facts,  for,  he  said, 
when  we  were  gone,  those  of  us  who  took  the  responsibility  and  would  have 
incurred  the  disgrace  had  Ericsson’s  invention  proved  a failure,  would  be 
ignored  and  history  misstated.  As  you  were  more  intimate  with  the  case 
at  its  inception — were  the  first  to  bring  it  to  the  attention  of  the  Department, 
it  seemed  to  me  proper  that  your  recollections  and  knowledge  of  the  trans- 
action should  be  reduced  to  writing.  I am  greatly  obliged  to  you  for  the 
full  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which  you  have  complied  with  my  request. 
Next,  after  Ericsson  himself,  you  are  entitled  to  the  credit  of  bringing  his 
invention  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Department.  I would  not,  knowingly, 
do  injustice  to  any  one,  and  I am  well  aware  that  the  official  in  civil  life, 
and  who  in  administering  the  government  directs  movements  by  which 
naval  and  military  men  acquire  renown,  is  often  by  the  passing  multitude 
little  thought  of  and  scarcely  known,  but  the  truth  should  not  be  sup- 
pressed. 

The  civilians  of  the  Navy  Department,  who  adopted  and  pursued 
through  ridicule  and  assault  the  Monitor  experiment,  Butler  and  others 
would  slight  and  defame.  In  the  history  of  the  war,  the  Navy  Department, 
which  originated,  planned  and  carried  forward  the  naval  achievements  from 
Hatteras  to  New  Orleans,  and  finally  Fort  Fisher,  is  scarcely  known  or  men- 
tioned. The  heroes  who  fought  the  battles  and  periled  their  lives  to  carry 
into  effect  the  plan  which  the  Department  devised  have,  deservedly,  honor- 
able remembrance,  but  the  originators  and  movers  are  little  known. 

I remember,  my  dear  sir,  your  earnest  efforts  in  the  early  days  of  the 
war,  and  the  comfort  they  gave  me. 

Yours, 

GIDEON  WELLES. 

A fac-simile  of  this  letter  appears  in  the  Appendix. 

In  August,  1885,  Egbert  Watson  & Son,  publishers  of  the 
“Mechanical  Engineer”  of  New  York,  addressed  to  Mr.  Bush- 
ncll  a series  of  questions  in  regard  to  the  construction  of  the 
Monitor  and  the  following  is  a copy  of  the  reply,  dated  Madi- 
son, Conn.,  August  19,  1885,  together  with  the  acknowledg- 
ment, dated  August  20,  1885: 

Egbert  Watson  & Son: 

CentCemen: — Your  favor  of  August  15th  came  duly  to  hand.  In  reply  I 
submit  the  following  answers  to  your  questions: 

Question  1st.  Is  this  the  same  Galena  about  which  Mr.  Winslow  claims 
to  have  been  in  Washington,  when  you  introduced  the  Monitor  plans  to  him  ? 

Answer.  Yes. 

Question  2d.  Had  it  then  been  decided  to  build  the  Galena? 

Answer.  Yes. 

Question  3d.  Had  Winslow  or  Griswold  any  interest  in  (your)  obtain- 
ing the  Galena  contract  ? 

Answer.  Yes,  for  I promised  to  employ  them  to  plate  the  vessel  in 
case  I succeeded  in  obtaining  the  contract  for  her  construction. 


18 


THE  MONITOR. 

DESIGNED  BY  JOHN  ERICSSON.  BUILT  AT  THE  “CONTINENTAL 
IRON  WORKS,”  GREENPOINT,  L.  I.,  18G1. 

SIDE  ELEVATION. 


DECK  PLAN. 


TRANSVERSE  SECTION  OF  HULL  AND  TURRET. 


Question  4th.  Were  they  associated  with  you  in  it  ? 

Answer.  Not  otherwise  than  as  just  explained,  viz.,  sub-contractors  to 
plate  her  hull. 

Question  5th.  Had  you  any  relations  with  them  that  induced  you  to 
desire  their  aid  in  the  Monitor  matter  apart  from  their  acquaintance  with 
the  Secretaries  of  War,  State  and  Navy? 

Answer.  No. 

Question  6th.  What  date  was  Delamater  present  ? 

Answer.  I am  not  able  at  this  time  to  give  exact  dates  of  any  of  these 
transactions,  as  I have  no  documents  at  hand  with  which  to  verify  them. 
I met  Mr.  C.  H.  Delamater  on  the  steps  of  Willard’s  hotel,  Washington, 
just  after  I had  secured  the  contract  for  the  Galena.  When  I told  him  that 
several  naval  men  doubted  whether  the  vessel  would  be  able  to  carry  the 
stipulated  amount  of  iron,  he  advised  me  to  consult  Capt.  John  Ericsson,  of 
New  York. 

Question  7th.  Did  you  personally  know  Captain  Ericsson  at  that 
time  ? 

Answer.  No,  nor  had  ever  had  any  relations  with  him  of  any  kind  ; 
but  acting  upon  the  advice  of  Mr.  Delamater,  I went  to  New  York  on  the 
following  day  and  laid  the  plans  of  the  Galena  before  him,  asking  him 
whether  the  vessel  would  be  able  to  carry  the  specified  armor.  He  told  me 
to  call  the  next  day  for  his  answer.  This  I did  and  found  everything  satis- 
factory. Before  I left  he  asked  if  I would  like  to  examine  the  plans  of  a 
Battery  absolutely  impregnable  to  shot  or  shell.  I told  him  that  I had  been 
working  for  several  months  toobtain  the  best  naval  defencepossible,  with  the 
Galena — an  iron-plated  wooden  vessel — as  the  result.  He  then  produced  a 
small  dust-covered  box  containing  the  model  and  plans  for  the  Monitor, 
which  he  fully  explained  in  detail.  I was  satisfied  at  once  that  the  naval 
defence,  which  our  country  so  greatly  needed,  had  been  found,  and  per- 
fectly overjoyed,  when,  at  the  close  of  the  interview,  Captain  Ericsson 
entrusted  the  box  with  its  precious  contents  to  my  care. 

Question  8th.  How  soon  after  the  receipt  of  the  plans  of  the  Monitor 
was  an  interview  had  with  Secretary  Welles,  and  where  ? 

Answer.  On  the  following  day,  at  Hartford,  Conn.  I left  New  York 
that  night,  and  went  to  Hartford  direct,  without  stopping  at  my  home  in 
New  Haven,  so  eager  was  I to  save  time  in  bringing  this  great  discovery 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  Navy  Department.  Secretary  Welles,  who  was 
spending  a few  days  at  Hartford,  was  delighted  with  the  invention,  and 
asked  me  to  take  the  plan  immediately  to  Washington,  and  present  it  to 
the  Naval  Board. 

Question  9th.  Before  going  to  Washington,  did  you  call  on  Captain 
Ericsson,  and  at  what  date  ? 

Answer.  I think  I did,  but  am  not  sure. 

Question  10th.  On  what  date  did  you  arrive  in  Washington? 

Answer.  I cannot  remember  the  exact  date. 

Question  nth.  Was  the  Monitor  plan  submitted  to  the  Board  before 
you  interested  Winslow  and  Griswold  in  it? 

Answer.  No,  it  was  not.  Immediately  on  reaching  Washington  I laid 
the  plans  before  Messrs.  Winslow  and  Griswold,  offering  them  a half 


20 


interest  in  the  enterprise,  retaining  a half  interest  for  Captain  Ericsson 
and  myself,  Ericsson  having  given  me  the  liberty  of  making  whatever 
terms  I pleased.  I selected  these  gentlemen  because  of  their  large 
acquaintance  with  Government  authorities,  and  because  I already  had 
business  relations  with  them,  having  contracted  with  them  to  plate  the 
Galena. 

Question  12th.  When  was  Seward’s  letter  obtained  ? 

Answer.  On  the  day  after  Winslow  and  Griswold  agreed  to  unite  with 
Ericsson  and  me  in  trying  to  secure  a contract  for  the  building  of  the 
Monitor. 

Question  13th.  What  date  was  the  first  interview  with  President  Lin- 
coln ? 

Answer.  I cannot  give  the  date.  It  occurred  the  (same)  day  we 
secured  Secretary  Seward's  letter  of  introduction  to  the  President. 

Question  14th.  Who  were  present  at  that  interview  ? 

Answer.  No  one,  I think,  but  Messrs.  Winslow,  Griswold  and  myself. 

Question  15th.  Were  yTou  present  when  Mr.  Lincoln  was  before  the 
Naval  Board  ? 

Answer.  Yes. 

Question  16th.  What  date  were  you  dismissed  by  Captain  Davis’ 
remark  to  “take  the  thing  home  and  worship  it  ? ” 

Answer.  The  next  day  after  the  meeting  referred  to  in  question  15th, 
or  possibly  the  next  day  but  one. 

Question  17th.  What  day  did  you  next  call  upon  Captain  Ericsson  ? 

Answer.  At  the  suggestion  of  Secretary  Welles  I started  for  New 
York  that  very  night,  alone,  to  induce  Captain  Ericsson  to  come  on  to 
Washington,  for  everything  now  depended  upon  him.  His  presence 
before  the  Board  was  as  essential  to  the  adoption  of  the  Monitor  as  his 
genius  was  necessary  to  her  invention.  Yet  he  had  been  so  badly  treated 
bv  the  Government  that  he  declared  he  never  would  set  foot  in  Washington 
again.  He  was  induced,  however,  to  reconsider  that  decision  and  went  to' 
Washington  that  night. 

Question  18th.  Were  Winslow  and  Griswold  present  at  this  interview 
in  New  York,  or  did  they  meet  you  at  any  time  before  Captain  Ericsson 
went  to  Washington  ? 

Answer.  No,  they  were  not  present,  nor  did  I see  them  until  Ericsson 
returned  from  Washington  with  the  verbal  order  to  “go  ahead  and  build 
her.” 

Ouestion  19th.  When  was  it  agreed  that  Bushnell,  Winslow  and 
Griswold  should  be  sureties  and  divide  profits  in  four  equal  shares  ? 

Answer.  Bushnell,  Winslow  and  Griswold  were  not  “ sureties  ” at 
all.  The  agreement  between  the  contractors  was  made  in  Washington  on 
the  day  before  the  application  for  letter  of  introduction  to  Lincoln  was 
made  to  Secretary  Seward.  (See  answer  to  question  nth.)  The  Govern- 
ment required  us  to  obtain  sureties,  and  these  I found  in  the  persons  of 
Hon.  N.  D.  Sperry,  of  New  Haven,  and  Daniel  Drew,  of  New  York. 

Question  20th.  Were  Winslow  and  Griswold  present  when  Captain 
Ericsson  argued  his  cause  before  the  Naval  Board? 

Answer.  I cannot  say,  as  I did  not  myself  return  with  Captain  Ericsson. 


21 


CAPT.  JOHN  L.  WORDEN, 
U.  S.  NAVY. 


LIEUT.  S.  DANA  GREENE, 


U.  S.  NAVY. 


So  much  for  your  questions.  I might  add  that  one  week  following  the 
return  of  Ericsson  from  Washington  with  the  verbal  order  to  “go  ahead,’ 
I went  to  Washington  and  procured  a written  contract.  This  contained 
an  unlooked-for  conditional  clause,  requiring  us  to  guarantee  the  success  oi 
the  Monitor.  To  this  Mr.  Winslow  seriously  objected.  Captain  Ericsson 
and  I gave  him  one  week  in  which  to  reconsider  the  matter,  another  party 
standing  ready  to  take  his  place  in  case  he  refused  to  sign  the  contract. 
The  following  week  he  came  down  from  Troy  with  Mr.  Griswold,  and 
together  with  Captain  Ericsson  and  myself  signed  the  contract. 

Very  truly  yours, 

C.  S.  BUSHNELL. 

Madison,  Conn.,  August  19,  18S5. 

I certify  that  the  above  is  a correct  copy. 

William  S.  Wells. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  March  x,  1899. 

The  following  is  Mr.  Watson’s  reply  : 

New  York,  August  20,  1885. 
150  Nassau  street. 

Hon.  C.  S.  Bushnell,  Esq.,  Madison,  Conn.: 

Dear  Sir I have  your  favor  of  the  19th  in  answer  to  ours  of  the  15th 
concerning  the  Monitor.  I thank  you  for  the  explicit  manner  in  which  you 
have  answered  the  questions. 

Respectfully  yours, 

EGBERT  P.  WATSON, 
Mechanical  Engineer. 

A fac-simile  of  above  letter  of  Egbert  P.  Watson  appears 
in  the  Appendix. 


The  following  is  an  extract  from  a paper  read  by  Mr. 
Bushnell  before  the  Army  and  Navy  Club  of  Connecticut  at 
their  annual  meeting  on  June  22,  1894,  at  the  Fort  Griswold 
House,  Connecticut.  Mr.  Bushnell  wms  elected  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Club  at  this  meeting.  Judge  A.  B.  Beers,  of 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  was  the  presiding  officer. 

Judge  Beers:  The  gentleman  to  whom  the  last  speaker 
has  so  eloquently  referred,  the  Hon.  C.  S.  Bushnell,  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  is  with  us  to-night  as  the  guest  of  the  Club, 
and  he  will  tell  you  how  the  Monitor  was  built.  I introduce 
the  honoi'able  gentleman  to  you.  [Applause.] 


23 


MR.  BUSHXELL. 


Comrades  of  the  A rmy  and  Navy  Club: 

I greet  you  and  am  happy  to  meet  you  to-night  and  tell  the  old,  old 
story  once  again.  Lest  I weary  you  by  long  speech,  I have  prepared  and 
written  out,  as  particularly  and  concisely  as  possible,  the  simple  history. 
And  I think  it  is  fitting,  at  this  place  and  under  the  circumstances  sur- 
rounding us,  that  I should  precede  it  with  a little  history  of  the  railroad 
which  preceded  the  contract  for  the  Monitor,  and  was  really  the  providen- 
tial cause  leading  up  to  it.  In  the  old  blue-covered  spelling-book,  pub- 
lished for  so  many  years  by  Babcock,  and  used  in  all  the  Connecticut  com- 
mon schools  sixty  years  ago,  there  were  several  sage  utterances,  among 
which  was  this  : “Old  men  tell  what  they  have  done,  young  men  what 
they  will  do,  and  fools  what  they  can  do.”  The  simple  and  accurate  his- 
tory of  the  design  and  construction  of  the  Monitor,  and  the  prior  events 
that  led  up  to  the  historical  event  at  Hampton  Roads,  by  your  request  are 
the  subjects  of  my  remarks. 

********* 

“The  Rebs  were  hard  atwork  on  the  Merrimac,  asplendid  ship,  with  en- 
gine and  boilers  all  complete,  and  the  vessel  only  waiting  for  the  iron  plating. 
Conferring  with  Secretary  Welles  about  it,  I learned  that  he  had  called  the 
attention  of  Congress  to  the  need  of  ironclad  defence  early  in  the  session. 
He  remarked  that  he  would  draw  up  a bill  and  bring  it  down  to  Willard's 
Hotel  that  night  if  I would  undertake  to  engineer  it  through  Congress, 
which  I did  quickly,  with  the  help  of  ex-Governor  James  E.  English,  a mem- 
ber of  the  Naval  Committee.  A contract  for  the  ironclad  Galena  was  at 
once  given  me,  and  William  Cramp  & Sons,  of  Philadelphia,  received  a con- 
tract to  build  the  Ironsides,  a formidable  and  most  useful  ship,  that  did 
grand  service;  and  how  could  she  help  it,  when  one  of  the  chief  officers  on 
board  of  her  was  our  friend  Engineer  Wells,  now  at  this  board  ? But  it  is 
well  known  that  neither  the  Galena  nor  the  Ironsides  could  be  built  in 
time  to  meet  the  expected  Merrimac. 

It  was  claimed  by  several  builders  that  the  Galena  would  not  be  able 
to  carry  the  proposed  load  of  iron.  I mentioned  this  to  Cornelius  H.  Dela- 
mater,  who  was  in  Washington,  at  Willard's,  the  day  I was  awarded  the  con- 
tract for  the  Galena,  and  he  told  me  to  make  sure  by  consulting  Capt.  John 
Ericsson,  upon  whom  I called  the  next  day  in  New  York,  furnishing  him 
plans  and  specifications.  “Come  in  to  morrow  morning,”  he  said,  “and 
you  shall  have  my  decision.”  The  result  was  as  I expected.  He  declared 
that  the  Galena  would  carry  the  load  just  as  Mr.  Pook  had  figured,  and 
resist  a six-inch  shot,  but  he  further  inquired  if  I would  not  like  to  see  and 
have  a plan  of  an  impregnable  Battery  that  could  be  built  in  ninety  days, 
most  likely  in  time  to  meet  and  destroy  the  Merrimac.  My  answer  was  I 
had  been  at  work  for  several  months  to  plan  and  provide  an  apology  for 
such  a boat. 

When  he  opened  an  old  dusty  box  and  unfolded  the  merits  and  plans 
of  the  little  boat  in  model  form,  it  was  less  than  ten  minutes  before  I fully 
awoke  to  the  fact  that  salvation  was  in  store  for  our  Government  and  coun- 
try. And  I so  assured  Captain  Ericsson.  He  turned  the  plans,  box  and 


24 


JOHN  A.  GRISWOLD, 


all  over  to  me  to  handle,  just  as  I desired,  saying  that  I might  allow  him 
such  interest  or  compensation  as  I thought  best.  I was  well  aware  of  the 
great  anxiety  of  the  President,  Mr.  Lincoln;  and  Messrs.  Seward  and 
Welles  were  also  anxious  lest  England  should  join  France  in  recognizing 
the  Confederacy  and  allowing  them  belligerent  rights,  having  listened  to  a 
discussion  on  the  subject  at  a reception  at  the  house  of  Secretary  Welles 
the  evening  prior.  As  Secretary  Welles  went  to  Hartford  the  day  I came 
to  New  York,  and  as  time  was  the  all  important  factor  in  that  race,  I fol- 
lowed him  past  my  home  in  New  Haven,  direct  to  his  home  in  Hartford, 
and  assured  him  that  he  need  not  further  worry  about  foreign  interference; 
I had  discovered  the  means  of  perfect  protection. 

He  seemed  much  pleased  with  my  faith  in  the  model,  as  I was  able  to 
explain  it  to  him,  and  he  requested  me  to  lose  no  time  in  going  to  Wash- 
ington, and  have  the  Board  of  Navy  Officers  examine  and  recommend  the 
plan,  and  he  would  come  down  early  in  the  next  week,  and  give  me  a con- 
tract. 

Mind  you,  this  was  Friday,  and  I had  not  had  the  plans  in  hand  twenty- 
four  hours,  but  I started  Saturday  evening,  arriving  in  Washington  Sunday 
morning,  and  immediately  after  breakfast  summoned  my  sub-contractors 
for  the  iron  work  on  the  Galena  to  take  a quiet  ride  with  me  into  the 
suburbs  of  Washington,  and  as  I went  I disclosed  to  them,  Messrs.  Wins- 
low and  John  A.  Griswold,  of  Troy,  what  a godsend  I had  found. 

I further  told  them,  notwithstanding  the  intrinsic  and  priceless  value 
of  the  plan,  we  should  meet  great  opposition  from  old  navy  prejudice,  owing 
to  the  sad  results  of  the  explosion  of  the  Princeton  gun,  and  the  failure  of 
the  big  caloric  ship — Ericsson  had  cautioned  me  to  beware,  on  this  account, 
when  he  turned  over  the  plans.  After  mature  reflection  and  discussion  we 
decided  to  call,  all  together,  the  next  morning  (Monday)  first  on  Secretary 
Seward. 

He  gave  us  a very  nice  letter  to  President  Lincoln,  who  was  more  than 
pleased  with  the  plan,  remarking  that  he  knew  but  little  about  boats  unless 
it  was  a flat  boat,  one  of  which  he  was  master  of  in  early  life.  And  as  the 
little  boat  or  model  we  showed  him  the  plan  of  was  flat  as  need  be,  he  un- 
derstood the  good  points  from  the  start,  and  while  he  said  he  had  no  power 
in  the  matter,  he  would  meet  us  at  the  office  of  Admiral  Smith  at  eleven 
the  next  morning  (Tuesday). 

He  and  we  were  on  hand,  big  with  hope,  at  the  appointed  hour  and 
place,  and  compelled  to  listen  to  nothing  but  disparaging  criticism  from  all 
the  old  and  young  officers  of  the  Navy,  with  the  exception  of  Admirals 
Paulding  and  Smith,  two  of  the  Board.  Mr.  Lincoln  sat  and  listened  for 
nearly  an  hour  to  all  those  opposed  could  say.  Then  Admiral  Smith  turned 
to  the  President  and  asked  him  what  he  thought  of  the  novel  little  plan. 
Mr.  Lincoln  arose  from  his  low  chair,  where  he  had  been  so  attentively  list- 
ening, and  said,  “ he  thought  a good  deal  as  the  western  girl  did  when  she 
stuck  her  foot  in  the  stocking,  that  there  was  something  in  it.”  That  was 
all,  and  he  bade  us  good  morning  and  left. 

On  that,  Smith  and  Paulding  were  ready  to  recommend  the  adoption 
of  the  plan  if  Captain  Davis,  the  other  member  of  the  Board,  would  unite 
with  them,  but  would  not  take  the  risk  without  a unanimous  Board.  It 


26 


•was  in  vain  that  I pleaded  the  pressing  needs  of  the  country.  Davis  finally 
told  me  to  take  home  the  plans  and  worship  them,  “as  they  were  not  like 
anything  in  the  heavens  above,  or  the  earth  beneath,  or  in  the  waters  under 
the  earth.”  With  a sad  heart  I reported  to  Secretary  Welles.  All  was  dark 
about  me  for  an  hour  that  Tuesday,  but  Secretary  Welles  cheered  me  up  by 
saying  that  some  influence  should  be  brought  to  bear  on  Davis.  I caught 
the  idea,  and  said  to  him  if  I could  only  get  Ericsson  to  come  to  Washing- 
ton himself  to  meet  the  Board  together,  in  Secretary  Welles’  room,  the 
magnetism  of  Ericsson  would  carry  all  before  him. 

I might  say  to  you  that  I have  never  met  a man  possessed  of  more 
power  to  magnetize  and  carry  his  audience  with  him  than  Captain  Ericsson. 
He  got  capitalists  to  put  their  money  into  that  caloric  ship  just  as  freely  as 
water,  although  it  was  only  an  experiment.  No  one  could  hope  it  would  be 
a success,  but  he  wanted  to  try  it.  It  was  a perfect  success  on  a small  scale; 
but  when  he  came  to  enlarge  it  and  make  a large  engine,  the  expansion  and 
contraction  of  the  metal  was  such  that  it  was  a failure.  He  and  Delamater 
made  $300,000  on  those  little  three-horse  power  pumping  engines,  which 
worked  to  a charm.  I told  Secretary  Welles  that  Ericsson  had  bound  him- 
self under  oath  never  to  come  to  Washington  until  he  had  been  paid  by 
the  United  States  Government  his  long  overdue  engineering  bill  for  the 
Princeton. 

Nevertheless  I determined  to  try.  I started  for  New  York  that  Tues- 
day night,  and  all  the  way  to  Baltimore  I thought,  “ How  in  the  world  can 
I get  that  man  to  go,  with  the  state  of  facts  I have  to  relate?”  Then  I 
remembered  the  flash  of  his  eye  and  the  brightening  up  of  his  countenance 
when  he  showed  me  a beautiful  gold  medal  that  Louis  Napoleon  sent  him 
when  with  England  fighting  Russia. — the  Swedes  all  hate  Russia.  In  an 
instant,  riding  through  Baltimore,  it  came  to  my  mind,  “ I will  get  him  on 
his  vanity;  ” and  it  occurred  to  me  just  how  I could  do  it.  I went  to  the 
Astor  House  that  night,  and  arrived  at  his  house  on  Franklin  street  at 
exactly  nine  o’clock  the  next  morning.  He  did  not  wait  for  his  girl  Ann  to 
come  and  let  me  in,  but  he  came  himself  to  the  door.  Said  he,  “ What 
is  the  result?”  I said,  “Magnificent.”  “Well,”  he  said,  “What?”  I 
said,  “Paulding  says  that  your  boat  wmuld  be  the  thing  to  punish 
those  Rebels  at  Charleston.”  His  countenance  lit  up.  I knew  then 
that  I had  him.  I said,  “You  have  a friend  in  Washington,  Commodore 
Smith;  he  worships  you.  He  says  those  plans  are  worthy  of  the  genius  of 
an  Ericsson.”  Didn’t  fire  come  in  his  eyes?  “You  see  how  it  works,”  I 
said.  ‘ ‘ Captain  Davis  wants  a little  explanation  in  detail  which  I could 
not  give.”  He  said,  “ I will  go  to-day;  ” and  he  started.  I did  not  go  with 
him,  mind  you.  Who  do  you  suppose  was  the  first  man  he  met  at  the 
Navy  Department?  The  first  man  he  met  was  Captain  Davis,  to  whom  he 
said:  “ I have  come  down,  at  the  suggestion  of  Captain  Bushnell,  to  explain 
about  the  plan  of  the  Monitor."  “What,”  said  Davis,  “the  little  plan 
Bushnell  had  here  Tuesday;  why  we  rejected  it  in  toio." 

“Rejected  it!  What  for?”  said  Ericsson.  “For  want  of  stability,” 
said  Davis.  “ Stability,”  roared  Ericsson.  “No  craft  that  ever  floated 
■was  more  stable  than  she  would  be;  that  is  one  of  her  great  merits.” 
“ Prove  it,”  said  Davis,  “ and  we  will  recommend  it  at  once.”  “ I will  go 


27 


DANIEL  DREW. 


to  my  hotel  and  prepare  the  proof,”  said  Ericsson,  “ and  meet  your  Board 
at  the  Secretary’s  room  at  i o’clock.”  At  the  hour  named  he  was  on  hand, 
and  showed,  as  he  could  easily  by  diagram,  her  great  stability,  and  then 
went  on  to  more  fully  explain  her  general  merits,  closing  with  the  state- 
ment that  there  was  offered  the  perfect  means  of  defence  against  the  Mer- 
rimac , which  could  be  built  in  time  for  the  emergency,  and  no  man,  unless 
he  was  a traitor  to  his  country,  would  decline  to  use  the  means  for  her 
safety  and  defence. 

Secretary  Welles  asked  the  price.  Ericsson  replied,  “ $275,000,”  same 
as  we  had  named  previously.  He  turned  to  Admiral  Paulding  and  said, 
“ What  do  you  say  ? ” Paulding  said,  “ I vote  to  recommend  the  contract.” 
‘‘And  you,  Admiral  Smith,  what  do  you  say?”  ‘‘I  vote  for  it”  said 
Smith.  “And  what  do  you  say,  Captain  Davis?”  “ I vote  for  it,”  said 
Davis.  Then  Secretary  Welles  said  to  Captain  Ericsson,  “ Go  home  and 
start  her  immediately  and  send  Bushnell  down  next  week  for  the  formal 
contract.” 

I had  remained  in  New  York,  not  just  fancying  the  presence  of  Captain 
Ericsson  when  he  should  first  meet  Captain  Davis,  but  the  result  was,  as  I 
had  expected,  most  satisfactory. 

Messrs.  Winslow,  Griswold,  and  myself  met  Captain  Ericsson  on  his 
return,  and  ordered  everything  that  could  be  had  to  expedite  the  work  and 
lose  no  time.  This  was  just  eight  days  after  the  plans  were  first  shown  me 
and  placed  in  my  hands. 

Fortunately,  we  gave  the  work  of  building  the  engine  and  boilers  and 
all  the  machinery  to  C.  H.  Delmater  & Co.,  who  did  their  utmost  to  drive 
the  work,  and  we  gave  the  building  of  the  hull  and  turret  to  Thomas  F. 
Rowland. 

Mr.  Rowland  was  formerly  from  Connecticut,  and  has  long  been  one 
of  the  ablest  engineers  and  steamship  and  gas  constructors,  and  is  only 
known  to  be  loved  and  respected  by  friend  and  acquaintance. 

I wish  that  his  health  was  as  strong  and  vigorous  as  the  speaker,  who 
is  a much  older  man. 

Well,  I went  down  to  Washington  to  get  the  formal  contract  the  next 
week,  as  suggested,  and  lo,  a change  had  come  over  the  spirit  of  the  Board. 
“Another  Ericsson  failure,”  they  all  predicted,  and  the  only  contract  I 
could  get  recommended  was  one  that  required  a guarantee  of  the  perfect 
success  of  the  boat  in  every  particular,  or  the  return  of  the  advance  money 
paid  on  account.  As  the  work  of  construction  went  on,  this  seemed  to  me 
hard  terms,  but  the  life  of  a nation  was  at  stake  and  Ericsson  said  go  on. 
Winslow  kicked  hard,  and  no  one  can  blame  him.  Griswold,  a splendid 
man,  said  if  I would  get  bondsmen  to  back  us,  which  the  government 
required,  they  would  go  on  and  execute  the  contract  with  Captain  Ericsson 
and  myself. 

Of  course  I consented,  and  was  able  to  get  Daniel  Drew  and  the  Hon. 
N.  D.  Sperry,  of  New  Haven,  to  sign  our  bond,  the  latter  willing  to  do 
almost  anything  I said  was  necessary  to  help  the  cause.  Long  may  he  live, 
and  enjoy  the  respect  of  our  people. 

The  result  of  all  this  driving  work  was  the  getting  of  this  little  boat 
down  to  Fortress  Monroe  in  the  nick  of  time 


29 


Few  know  that  by  reason  of  the  great  caution  of  Admiral  Dahlgren 
only  fifteen  pounds  of  powder  were  usecl  at  a charge  in  the  n-inch  guns  on 
the  Monitor. 

Captain  Ericsson  was  confident  that  if  thirty  pounds  had  been  allowed, 
instead  of  fifteen,  in  her  guns,  the  Merrimac  would  have  been  sunk  inside 
of  thirty  minutes  after  the  battle  opened.  But  she  did  remarkably  well  as 
it  was,  and  her  memory  will  be  cherished  in  connection  with  the  officers 
and  men  that  fought  on  her,  for  generations  after  we  are  all  passed  away. 

Judge  Beers:  I move  a vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Bushnell  for 
his  very  able  and  interesting  address. 

Carried  unanimously,  by  acclamation. 

A Member:  I don’t  like  to  interrupt  the  proceedings,  but 
I want  to  ask  Mr.  Bushnell  one  question.  It  has  often  been 
reported  that  Captain  Ericsson  never  received  a cent  of 
bounty  or  pecuniary  compensation.  Is  there  any  truth  in  it? 
I have  read  it  in  the  papers  over  and  over  again,  that  Erics- 
son never  received  any  compensation  from  the  Government. 

Mr.  Bushnell:  It  is  a matter  of  history,  and  everybody 
should  know  it,  that  he  was  one-fourth  interested.  I gave 
him  one-fourth,  took  one-fourth  myself,  and  gave  one-fourth 
to  Mr.  Griswold,  and  one  fourth  to  Mr.  Winslow.  I made 
him  independent  through  that  effort.  I have  no  hesitation 
in  taking  a little  credit  for  that.  It  is,  however,  a well-known 
fact  that  our  Government  has  never  yet  paid  Ericsson  for  his 
services  as  engineer  in  the  construction  of  tne  pioneer  steam 
war  propeller  Princeton. 


The  following  is  a copy  of  the  original  contract  with  the 
Government  for  building  the  Monitor  : 

COPY  OF  _CQNTKAeT  WITH  THE  U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  FOR 
BUILDING  THE  “MONITOR.” 

This  Contract,  in  two  parts,  made  and  entered  into  this  Fourth  day  of 
October,  Anno  Domini.  One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  Sixty-one,  be- 
tween J.  Ericsson  of  the  City  of  New  York,  as  principal,  and  John  F. 
Winslow,  John  A.  Griswold  and  C.  S.  Bushnell,  as  sureties  on  the  first 
part,  and  Gideon  Welles,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  for  and  in  behalf  of 
the  United  States  on  the  second  part,  Witnesseth: — 

That  in  consideration  of  the  payments  hereinafter  provided  for,  the 
party  of  the  first  part  hereby  contracts  andagrees  to  construct  an  Iron-Clad- 
Shot-Proof  Steam  Battery  of  iron  and  wood  combined  on  Ericsson  s p’an; 
the  lower  vessel  to  be  wholly  of  iron,  and  the  upper  vessel  of  wood;  the 
length  to  be  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  (179)  feet,  extreme  breadth  41 


30 


N.  D.  SPERRY. 


feet  and  depth  5 feet,  or  larger,  if  the  party  of  the  first  part  shall  think  it 
necessary  to  carry  the  armament  and  stores  required.  The  vessel  to  be 
constructed  of  the  best  materials  and  workmanship  throughout,  according 
to  the  plan  and  specifications  hereto  annexed  forming  a part  of  this  con- 
tract; and  in  addition  to  said  specifications  the  party  of  the  first  part  here- 
by agrees  to  furnish  masts , spars , sails  and  rigging  of  sufficient  dimen- 
sions to  drive  the  vessel  at  the  rate  of  Six  Knots  per  hour  in  a fair  breeze 
of  wind,  and  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  will  also  furnish  in  addition  to 
the  said  specifications  a Condenser  for  making  fresh  water  for  the  boilers 
on  the  most  approved  plan.  And  the  party  of  the  first  part  further  con- 
tracts and  engages  that  the  said  vessel  shall  have  proper  accommodations 
for  her  stores  of  all  kinds,  including  provisions  for  one  hundred  persons  for 
ninety  days,  and  shall  carry  2500  gallons  of  water  in  tanks;  that  the  vessel 
shall  have  a speed  of  Eight  sea  miles  or  knots  per  hour  under  steam  for 
twelve  consecutive  hours,  and  carry  fuel  for  her  engines  for  eight  day's 
consumption  at  that  speed,  the  deck  of  the  vessel  when  loaded  to  be 
Eighteen  inches  above  load  line  amidships;  that  she  shall  possess  suffi- 
cient stability  with  her  armament,  stores,  and  crew  on  board  for  safe 
sea-service  in  traversing  the  Coast  of  the  United  States;  that  her  crew  shall 
be  properly  accommodated,  and  that  the  apparatus  for  working  the  Battery 
shall  prove  successful  and  safe  for  the  purpose  intended,  and  that  the  ves- 
sel, machinery  and  appointments  in  all  their  parts  shall  work  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  party  of  the  second  part, 

And  the  party  of  the  second  part  hereby  agrees  to  pay  for  the  vessel 
completed  as  aforesaid  after  trial  and  satisfactory  test  the  sum  of  Two 
hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  dollars  in  coin  or  Treasury  notes  at 
the  option  of  the  party  of  the  second  part  in  the  following  manner,  to  wit: — 
When  the  work  shall  have  progressed  to  the  amount  of  Fifty  thousand 
dollars  in  the  estimation  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  vessel  on  the  part  of 
the  United  States,  that  sum  shall  be  paid  to  the  party  of  the  first  part  on 
certificate  of  said  Superintendent,  and  thereafter  similar  payments  ac- 
cording to  the  certificates  of  said  Superintendent,  deducting,  reserving  and 
retaining  from  each  and  every  payment,  Tzventy-five  per  centum,  which 
reservation  shall  be  retained  until  after  the  completion  and  satisfactory 
trial  of  the  vessel,  not  to  exceed  ninety  days  after  she  shall  be  ready 
for  sea. 

And  it  is  further  agreed  between  the  said  parties  that  the  said 
vessel  shall  be  completed  in  all  her  parts  and  appointments  for  service,  and 
any  omission  in  these  specifications  shall  be  supplied  to  make  her  thus 
complete  ; and  in  case  the  said  vessel  shall  fail  in  performance  for  speed 
for  sea-service  as  before  stated,  or  in  the  security  or  successful  working  of 
the  turret  and  guns  with  safety  to  the  vessel  and  the  men  in  the  turret,  or 
in  her  buoyancy  to  float  and  carry  her  Battery  as  aforesaid,  then,  and 
in  that  case,  the  party  of  the  first  part  hereby  bind  themselves,  their  heirs, 
executors,  administrators  and  assigns,  by  these  presents,  to  refund  to  the 
United  States  the  amount  of  money  advanced  to  them  on  said  vessel 
within  thirty  days  after  such  failure  shall  have  been  declared  by  the  party 
of  the  second  part,  and  the  party  of  the  first  part  acknowledge  themselves 
indebted  to  the  United  States  in  liquidated  damages  to  the  full  amount  of 
money  advanced  as  aforesaid. 


32 


And  it  is  further  agreed  that  the  vessel  shall  be  held  by  the  United 
States  as  collateral  security  until  said  amount  of  money  advanced  as  afore- 
said shall  be  refunded. 

And  the  party  of  the  first  part  does  further  engage  and  contract  that 
no  member  of  Congress,  officer  of  the  navy,  or  any  person  holding  any 
office  or  appointment  under  the  Navy  Department,  shall  be  admitted  to 
any  share  or  part  of  this  contract  or  agreement,  or  to  any  benefit  to  arise 
thereupon.  And  it  is  hereby  expressly  provided,  and  this  contract  is  upon 
this  express  condition,  that  if  any  such  member  of  Congress,  officer  of  the 
navy,  or  persons  above  named  shall  be  admitted  to  any  share  or  part 
of  this  contract,  or  to  any  benefit  to  arise  under  it,  or  in  case  the  party  of 
the  first  part  shall  in  any  respect  fail  to  perform  this  contract  on  their  part, 
the  same  may  be,  at  the  option  of  the  United  States,  declared  null  and  void, 
without  affecting  their  rights  to  recover  for  defaults  which  may  have 
occurred. 

It  is  further  agreed  between  the  said  parties  that  said  vessel  and 
equipments  in  all  respects  shall  be  completed  and  ready  for  sea  in  one 
hundred  days  from  the  date  of  this  indenture. 


Signed,  sealed  and  delivered 
in  presence  of  W.  L.  Barnes 
to  the  signatures  of 
J.  Ericsson, 

John  F.  Winslow, 

John  A.  Griswold, 

C.  S.  Bushnell. 

Jos.  Smith  as  to  signature  of 


J.  Ericsson, 

John  F.  Winslow, 

John  A.  Griswold, 

C.  S.  Bushnell. 

Gideon  Welles, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

-.  Welles. 


Southern  District  of  New  York,  SS. 

I do  hereby  certify  that  in  my  judgment,  John  F.  Winslow,  John  A. 
Griswold  and  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell,  the  sureties  in  the  foregoing  contract, 
are  sufficient  to  pay  any  sum  that  may  be  demanded  of  them  in  pursuance 
of  the  terms  thereof.  And  I further  certify,  that  I have  made  diligent 
inquiry  before  giving  this  certificate. 

C.  Delafield  Smith, 

U.  S.  Dist.  A tty. 

New  York,  October  4,  1861. 

It  is  understood  between  the  contracting  parties  that  after  the  Battery 
shall  be  ready  for  sea  and  be  taken  possession  of  by  the  government  for  the 
purpose  of  testing  her  properties  as  stipulated  in  the  contract,  such  posses- 
sion shall  be  regarded  as  accepting  the  vessel  so  far  only  as  the  workman- 
ship and  quality  of  materials  are  concerned,  and  that  the  test  of  the  quali- 
ties and  properities  of  the  vessel  as  provided  shall  be  made  as  soon  there- 
after as  practicable,  not  to  exceed  ninety  days  ; the  reservation  of  twenty- 
five  per  cent,  to  be  withheld  until  the  test  is  made. 

GIDEON  WELLES. 

Then  follow  specifications  in  detail. 


33 


CREW  OF  THE  “MONITOR”  ON  DECK  AFTER  HER  BATTLE  WITH  THE  MERRIMAC. 


The  following  letter  verifies  the  above  as  being  a copy  of 
the  original  contract: 

Department  of  the  Navy  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  November  7,  1894. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  19th  ultimo  was  laid  before  the  Chief  of 
the  Bureau,  who  gave  me  permission,  in  the  absence  of  the  chief  clerk,  to 
make  a copy  of  the  contract  and  specifications  of  an  impregnable  and  float- 
ing battery  (the  celebrated  iron  clad)  for  your  personal  use,  as  requested. 

I enclose  the  copy  referred  to  above,  and  would  be  pleased  to  hear  if 
I can  further  serve  you. 

Yery  respectfully, 

(Signed)  ROB’T  H.  YEATMAN, 

Clerk. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Bushnell,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

As  soon  as  practicable  after  this  contract  of  October  4, 
1861,  was  made  with  the  government,  the  formal  contract  for 
building  the  hull  and  turret  of  the  vessel,  as  stated  above, 
by  Mr.  Bushnell,  was  made  on  the  25th  of  October,  1861, 
with  Thos.  F.  Rowland,  of  the  Continental  Iron  Works,  at 
Greenport,  L.  I. 

Mr.  Rowland  is  still  active  in  business,  and  the  writer  had 
the  pleasure  of  an  interview  with  him  in  his  office  at  the  Con- 
tinental Iron  Works  on  June  14,  1899,  at  which  time  he  showed 
me  the  original  contract  ; kindly  gave  me  a fac-simile  copy 
of  the  same,  which,  by  his  permission,  is  published  herewith. 
(A  fac-simile  of  contract  is  shown  in  the  Appendix.) 

The  contract  reads  as  follows  : 

This  Agreement,  made  and  entered  into  this  twenty-fifth  day  of  .Octo- 
ber, A.  D.  1861,  by  and  between  Thomas  F.  Rowland,  Agent,  in  behalf  of 
the  “ Continental  Iron  Works,”  Greenpoint,  Brooklyn,  of  the  first  part,  and 
Captain  J.  Ericsson,  of  New  York;  Messrs.  John  F.  Winslow  and  John  A. 
Griswold,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  C.  S.  Bushnell,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
parties  of  the  second  part. 

Witnesseth  : That  the  party  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration 
of  a certain  sum  hereinafter  mentioned  to  be  paid  to  him  by  the  parties  of 
the  second  part,  hereby  covenants  and  agrees  to  furnish  all  the  tools  and 
facilities,  and  do  all  the  labor  necessary  to  execute  the  iron  work  of  an 
Iron  Battery  hull  (it  being  understood  that  the  new  ship  house  now  being 
erected  is  at  the  expense  of  the  parties  of  the  second  part),  said  Battery  to 
be  constructed  from  the  plans  and  directions  which  have  been  or  may  be 
furnished  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  by  Captain  Ericsson.  The  party 
of  the  first  part  hereby  further  agrees  to  do  the  said  work  in  a thorough 
and  workmanlike  manner  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  Captain  Ericsson 
in  the  shortest  possible  space  of  time.  And  the  party  of  the  first  part 
agrees  to  launch  said  Battery  safely  and  at  his  own  risk  and  cost  on  the 
East  River,  then  and  there  * * * * delivering  her  to  the  parties  of 


35 


the  second  part.  It  is  also  understood  that  in  consideration  of  the  liberal 
price  hereafter  stipulated  to  be  paid  by  the  party  of  the  second  part,  that 
in  case  the  work  is  not  prosecuted  with  all  the  vigor  and  energy  practica- 
ble, then  and  in  that  case  Captain  Ericsson  is  hereby  empowered  to  in- 
struct the  party  of  the  first  part  to  employ  a greater  number  of  men  or  to 
work  a greater  number  of  hours,  and  which  instruction  the  party  of  the 
first  part  hereby  agrees  to  comply  with  in  order  that  the  work  may  be  com- 
pleted in  the  shortest  possible  space  of  time  as  contemplated  by  this  agree- 
ment. The  parties  of  the  second  part  hereby  agree  to  furnish  all  the  ma- 
terial for  the  construction  of  said  Battery,  delivering  the  same  at  the 
“Continental  Iron  Works”  as  soon  as  practicable  after  receiving  a specifi- 
cation of  the  materials  required  for  the  construction  of  said  Battery.  In 
consideration  of  the  full  and  faithful  performance  of  these  presents  by  the 
party  of  the  first  part,  the  parties  of  the  second  part  hereby  covenant  and 
agree  to  pay  the  party  of  the  first  part  the  sum  of  seven  and  one-half 
cents  per  pound  (net  weight)  of  iron  used  in  the  construction  of  said  hull 
by  the  party  of  the  first  part,  payments  to  be  made  weekly  in  proportion  to 
the  progress  of  the  work,  the  balance  remaining  to  be  paid  when  the  hull 
is  launched.  The  parties  to  this  instrument  hereby  mutually  agree 
that  should  any  alteration  in  the  plans  furnished  by  Captain  Ericsson 
be  desired  after  the  same  have  been  executed,  the  party  of  the  first  part 
shall  make  any  alterations  that  may  be  deemed  desirable  by  Captain 
Ericsson  at  the  expense  of  the  parties  of  the  second  part. 

Witness  the  hands  and  seals  of  the  said  parties  the  day  and  year  before 
written. 


J.  ERICSSON, 

[seal] 

J.  F.  WINSLOW, 

[seal] 

JOHN  A.  GRISWOLD, 

[seal] 

[seal] 

THOS.  F.  ROWLAND,  Agent. 

[seal] 

Witness  to  the  signature  of  J.  Ericsson  : 

C.  W.  MacCord. 

Witness  to  the  signatures  of  J.  F.  Wins- 
low and  John  A.  Griswold  : 

F.  Ells. 

Witness  to  the  signature  of  T.  F.  Rowland  : 

Warren  E.  Hill. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  place  in  above  sub-contract  is  vacant 
where  Mr.  Bushnell’s  signature  should  appear.  He  was  a very  busy  man 
at  this  period  and  doubtless  could  not  be  present  when  this  sub-contract 
was  executed  with  the  builder,  for  it  is  observed  that  his  name  appears  in 
the  text  of  the  contract  as  one  of  the  parties  of  the  second  part. 


36 


THE  U.  S.  S.  “GALENA.’’ 


SAMUEL  H.  TOOK, 

Naval  Constructor 


In  the  foregoing  several  statements  of  Mr.  Bushnell  it  is 
observed  that  he  refers  to  a bond  exacted  by  the  Govern- 
ment as  surety  for  money  advanced  in  the  building  of  the 
Monitor.  Search  has  been  made  for  this  bond,  but  thus  far 
without  finding  it.  The  following  correspondence  with  Hon. 
N.  D.  Sperry,  our  present  member  of  Congress,  and  the  sur- 
viving bondsman,  will  set  the  question  of  this  bond  at  rest: 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  3,  1899. 

Hon.  N.  D.  Sperry,  City. 

My  Dear  Sir  : — You  will  recall  I stated  to  you  a few  days  ago,  that 
although  search  has  been  made  for  the  bond  that  you  and  Daniel  Drew 
signed,  still  it  has  not  yet  been  found,  and  may  not  be. 

Therefore,  in  lieu  of  this  document,  in  case  it  does  not  come  to  light,  I 
wish  you  would  kindly  write  me  how  it  was  that  you  went  on  the  bond 
with  Daniel  Drew,  and  the  nature  of  the  bond. 

I wish  the  letter  for  publication  (with  your  permission)  in  my  pamphlet, 
in  connection  with  the  other  data  and  documents  I have  relating  to  Mr. 
Bushnell  and  the  building  of  the  “ Monitor.” 

Yours  very  truly, 

* WM.  S.  WELLS. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  9,  1S99. 

Mr.  William  S.  Wells,  New  Haven,  Conn.: 

My  Dear  Sir: — Your  letter  of  the  3d  inst.  duly  received.  I dislike 
to  give  out  anything  for  publication  in  relation  to  the  bond  referred  to,  as 
Mr.  Bushnell’s  reference  to  it  should  be  sufficient. 

I will,  however,  at  your  request,  state  that  I was  asked  by  Mr.  Bush- 
nell to  go  upon  the  bond  in  question,  simply  as  surety  to  the  government  for 
money  advanced  in  building  the  “ Monitor,”  and  the  conditions  specified  in 
the  Government  contract. 

I remember  it  was  on  Sunday,  March  9,  the  day  of  the  battle  of  the 
“ Monitor”  and  the  “ Merrimac,”  that  I was  in  the  office  of  the  Journal 
and  Courier  here  in  New  Haven  with  Mr.  Bushnell  and  others,  receiving 
news  as  the  encounter  was  taking  place.  When  word  came  that  the 
“ Monitor”  had  whipped  the  “Merrimac,”  Mr.  Bushnell,  who  was  at  my 
side,  slapped  his  hands  on  my  shoulders  vigorously  and  said:  “ My  dear 
friend  Sperry,  your  bond  is  safe.” 

There  was  great  rejoicing  at  that  moment,  and  many  remarked  that  if 
it  had  not  been  for  the  construction  of  this  little  vessel  just  in  the  nick  of 
time,  the  “ Merrimac  ” could  have  laid  the  whole  coast  under  contribution. 

Mr.  Bushnell’s  address  before  the  Army  and  Navy  Club  of  Connecticut, 
together  with  other  documents  I Have  seen,  should,  in  the  absence  of  the 
bond  at  this  time,  forever  set  at  rest  any  questions  that  might  arise  in 
regard  to  such  a bond  having  been  made  and  signed  by  Daniel  Drew  and 
myself. 

Very  truly  yours, 

N.  D.  SPERRY. 


38 


In  the  foregoing  story  by  Mr.  Bushnell,  it  will  be  observed  that  he 
does  not  claim  to  have  built  the  vessel,  did  not  perform  the  mechanical 
work,  but  accords  full  credit  and  appreciation  of  those  who  gave  support 
to  his  undertaking. 

He  had  not  only  to  contend  with  opposition  at  the  inception  of  the  pro- 
ject, but  the  question  of  mechanical  skill  and  materials  was  one  of  the  most 
vital  importance  to  success.  This  difficulty,  like  others,  was  effectually 
overcome,  for  it  will  be  observed  that  he  states  in  his  letter  to  Hon.  Gideon 
Welles,  “I  secured  at  once  the  co-operation  of  Hon.  John  A.  Griswold  and 
John  F.  Winslow,  of  Troy,  large  manufacturers  of  iron  plates”  It 
will  be  seen  also  in  the  contract  with  Thomas  F.  Rowland  of  the  Conti- 
nental Iron  Works,  that  the  “ parties  of  the  second  part  ” were  to  “furnish 
all  the  materials  for  the  construction  of  said  battery,  delivering  the  same 
at  the  Continental  Iron  Works.”  Therefore  to  Mr.  Griswold  and  Mr*. 
Winslow  much  credit  is  due  for  the  substantial  aid  that  admitted  of  the 
vessel’s  construction. 

When  the  prow  of  the  Merrimac  was  finally  turned  toward  Norfolk  after 
her  defeat,  and  the  news  was  flashed  over  the  land,  the  beginning  of  the  end 
of  the  war  could  be  reasonably  inferred,  for  new  hope  came  to  the  loyal 
hearts  of  the  country;  a ray  of  light  came  from  the  gloom,  stimulating  the 
nation  to  renewed  activity.  Men  rushed  to  the  ranks  to  defend  the 
rightful  supremacy  of  our  flag,  and  the  wealth  of  our  people  was  poured 
into  our  treasury  for  a vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war  to  a glorious  termi- 
nation. 

After  this  battle  of  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac,  the  navies  of  the  world 
had  to  be  at  once  rebuilt  on  new  lines,  the  old  defences  became  obsolete, 
and  the  vast  development  of  armaments  and  the  stimulus  given  to  the 
production  and  working  of  iron  and  steel  may  be  truly  dated  from  the 
building  of  the  Monitor. 

To  John  Ericsson’s  talent  we  owe  a debt  of  gratitude,  but  his  invention 
was  of  no  practical  value  until  another  more  bold  and  resourceful  appeared 
who  dev'eloped  the  ideas  of  the  inventor's  mind.  In  referring  to  this  battle 
we  must  not  be  unmindful  of  Capt.  John  L.  Worden  and  his  gallant  crew, 
and  appreciative  remembrance  should  be  had  of  Lieut.  S.  Dana  Greene,  who 
fought  the  ship  to  a final  success  after  Captain  Worden  had  been  wounded. 

In  monarchial  countries,  one  who  performed  such  a service  as  Mr. 
Bushnell  did,  would  have  received  royal  favors.  Decorations  and  honorable 
titles  would  have  been  bestowed  in  profusion,  and  sculptors  would  have 
been  busy  in  erecting  monuments  to  his  memory. 

Let  us,  sovereigns  of  a great  nation,  be  not  unmindful  of  our  duty  to  a 
great  benefactor  of  our  country  and  the  world.  We  neglected  him  and 
failed  to  appreciate  him  living.  Let  us  now  make  amends  for  our  blindness 
or  indifference  and  bend  our  energies  to  erect  to  him  a suitable  memorial 
in  New  Haven,  the  city  of  his  home,  that  will  be  in  some  measure  com- 
memorative of  our  gratitude  for  his  devoted,  generous,  self-sacrificing  and 
patriotic  life,  and  a fit  testimonial  of  our  appreciation  of  what  he  has  done 
for  the  good  of  our  whole  people,  and  the  benefit  of  the  entire  world,  by 
his  rare  and  beneficent  public  service. 

New  Haven,  Conn., 

September,  1S99. 


39 


BATTLE  OE  MALVERN  HILL,  VA. 


WITH  U.  S.  GUNBOATS  ON  JAMES  RIVER  COVERING  RETREAT, 


THE  ARMY  AND  NAVY  CLUB  OF  CONNECTICUT. 


Col.  David  Torrance,  President  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
Club  and  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Connecti- 
cut, paid  a beautiful  tribute  to  the  memory  of  Mr.  Bushnell,  as 
follows  : 

Extract  from  report  of  annual  meeting,  held  at  New  Lon- 
don, June  26,  1896. 

Referring  to  the  Death  Roll,  the  Honorable  David  Tor- 
rance, President  of  the  Club,  spoke  as  follows  : — 

“And  among  the  latest  to  go,  only  last  month,  was  one,  an  honorary 
member,  by  no  means  the  least  in  our  regard  and  esteem,  one  to  whom 
only  two  years  ago  we  listened  with  such  pleasure  as  he  told  the  simple  story 
of  his  connection  with  the  Monitor.  You  have  not  forgotten  that  dismal 
Saturday  in  March,  1862,  when  the  Merrimac,  steaming  from  behind  Crane’s 
Island,  annihilated  our  navy  in  an  hour;  crushing  the  Cumberland  like  an 
eggshell,  and  sending  her  gallant  crew  to  the  bottom;  burning  the  Con- 
gress to  the  water's  edge,  and  steaming  back  to  her  anchorage  with  colors 
flying,  unhurt  of  all  our  batteries.  Naval  architecture  and  naval  ordnance 
had  been  revolutionized  since  noon.  Our  ships  were  as  paper,  our  cannon 
as  pop-guns.  The  monster  could  laugh  at  our  forts  and  frigates.  And 
there  it  was,  ready  on  the  morrow,  flushed  with  victory,  conscious  of  power, 
to  go  wherever  the  waters  would  float  her,  resistless  as  fate,  to  raise  the 
blockade,  to  bombard  New  York,  to  sweep  our  commerce  from  the  seas. 
As  we  took  in  the  full  meaning  of  that  afternoon's  work,  did  not  the  bravest 
shudder  for  what  the  morning  might  bring?  But  at  eventide  there  was 
light.  About  ten  o’clock  that  night  the  little  “ cheesebox  on  a raft  ” was 
towed  into  Hampton  Roads.  The  Government  had  not  built  her  nor  paid 
for  her,  and  the  red  tape  of  the  naval  bureaus  had  all  but  laughed  her  to 
scorn.  But  there  she  was,  in  the  very  nick  of  time;  and  on  Sunday,  after 
a terrible  conflict,  she  sent  the  Merrimac  back  to  her  anchorage,  wounded 
to  death,  never  more  to  work  us  harm. 

How  came  the  Monitor  there  at  that  opportune  moment  ? You  heard 
the  story  two  years  ago.  It  was  chiefly  because  a Connecticut  Yankee, 
months  before,  had  the  sagacity  to  perceive,  in  the  small  model  shown  to 
him  by  the  Swedish  genius,  the  vessel  for  the  hour;  and  not  only  the  sagacity 
to  perceive,  but  the  influence,  the  pluck,  the  grit,  the  persistence,  to  force 
the  Government  to  give  it  a trial,  and  patriotic  enough  and  having  faith 
enough  in  his  judgment  to  back  it  with  all  his  capital.  All  honor  to  the 
Monitor  and  her  gallant  commander  and  crew.  All  honor  to  the  genius 
that  modeled  her  and  built  her.  But  let  us  not  forget  to  add,  all  honor  to 
the  man  who  was  so  largely  instrumental  in  placing  her  where  she  would 
do  the  most  good  at  the  right  time,  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell.” 


41 


SINKING  OF  THE  V.  S.  FRIGATE  “CUMBERLAND”  BY  THE  “ MERRIMAC,”  MARCH  8,  l86?. 


APPENDIX. 


FAC-SIMILE  LETTERS. 

1 —  Capt.  John  Ericsson. 

2 —  Hon.  Gideon  Welles. 

•Contract  with  Thomas  F.  Rowland  for  Building  the  Monitor. 

4 —  Egbert  P.  Watson. 

5 —  Military  Discharge. 

6 — Resolution  of  State  of  Connecticut  Appropriating  $5,000. 


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44 


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-l-Vi^hiniyUm  flmj  6mirib  grmovii, 

Ulil.’av»)s'  Cjotc!,  llliVjl]  ntjtoii,  D.  tl,  -3pril  27,  1861. 

To  Hon..  S.  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War,  U S . 

■Sir:  The  undersigned . Officers  of  Major  Clog's  Dot  a/ion,  organized  while  the  Capital  of  llic  United  States  was 
considered  in  imminent  danger  from  a civil  invasion,  would  most  respectfully  represent  that  the  battalion  is  chiefly  composed  of  non- 
residents of , this  District ; that  they  were  organized  on'the, eighteenth  instant ; that  since  that  time  the  battalion  has  been  on  duty 
day  and  night,  sleeping  on  their  arms , and  have  at  all  limes  been  ready  at  a moment's  notice  to  do  any  service  required  of  them. 

They  number  about  three  hundred  men,  aud  since  reinforcements  have  airivcd  here,  it  is  thought  that  it  might  not 
be  necessary  to  keep  up  the  organization.  Should  it  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  Department  to  continue  the  organization,  the  men 
composing  it,  most  cheerfully  tender  their  further  services. 


War  Department,  Mny  2,  1801. 


Major  James  W.  Nye: 

Sir  : In  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  21th  of  April,  staling  that,  in  consequence  of  the  arrival  of  large  numbers  of 
(rooj)S  in  Ibis  cilij,  the  emergency  has  ceased  which  called  the  battalion  commanded  by  you  into  service,  and  that  you  would  be  pleased, 
therefore , to  have  authority  to  disband  the  battalion,  and  luvc  an  honorable  discharge  from  sendee. 

Concurring  fully  with  you,  I rcadilj  grunt  the  authority  asked  for,  and,  in  doing  so,  I beg  to  extend  you,  and  through 
you  to  the  men  under  your  command,  the  assurance  of  my  high  appreciation  of  the  very  prompt  and  patriotic  manner  in  which  your 
iuttation  was  organized  for  the  defence  of  the  Capital,  and  the  very  efficient  services  rendered  by  it  during  the  time  of  its  existence. 

Very  respectfully , 


1 chccifully  concur  in  the  foregoing  testimonial  given  by  the  lion.  Secretary  of  War. 

May  2,  1S61.  w? 

y/jZt  ts-Urfa 


By  authority  vested  in  me  as  M.ijor^jT  the  (£1*15  ijAtt.lltQIl,  I,  DAVID  WEBB, 

tiow  commanding,  do  hereby  certify  that  s / Member  of  said  Battalion,  seived 

his  Country  in  defence  of  the  JflattOlial  Capital,  at  a time  of  great  peril,  when  threatened  by  hordes  of  traitors  : said 
service  commencing  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  April,  1801,  and  ending  on  the  date  hereof. 


50 


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53 


[Senate  Joint  Resolution  No.  219.]  [505.]  Making  an  Appropriation  to  The  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell  National  Memorial 
Association.  Resolved  by  this  Assembly : That  the  comptroller  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  draw  his  order  on  the 
treasurer  in  favor  of  the  treasurer  of  The  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell  National  Memorial  Association  for  the  sum  of  five  thousand 
dollars  for  the  erection  of  a monument  to  the  late  Cornelius  S.  Bushnell.  Approved  June  22,  1899. 


THE  CORNELIUS  S.  BUSHNELL  NATIONAL  MEMORIAL 


ASSOCIATION. 


Organized  March  q , i8qq. 


The  36th  Anniversary  of  the  battle  between  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac. 


Honorary  President — Hon.  WILLIAM  E.  SIMONDS,  Commander  Dept.  Conn.  G.  A.  R. 
Honorary  Vice-Presidents.  (Invited.) 


His  Excellency  George  E.  Lounsbury,  Governor  of 
“ “ Ebe  W.  Tunnell,  “ 

“ “ William  A.  Stone, 

“ “ Foster  M.  Vorhees,  “ 

“ “ Roger  Wolcott,  “ 

“ “ Lloyd  Lowndes,  “ 

“ “ Frank  W.  Rollins, 

“ “ Theodore  Roosevelt, 

“ “ Elisha  Dyer, 

Edward  C.  Smith, 

“ “ William  O.  Bradley,  “ 

“ “ Asa  S.  Bushnell, 

“ " James  A.  Mount, 

“ “ John  R.  Tanner,  “ 

“ “ Llewellyn  Powers,  “ 

“ “ Lon  V.  Stephens, 

“ “ Hazen  S.  Pingree, 

“ “ Leslie  M.  Shaw, 

“ “ Edward  Scofield, 

“ “ Henry  T.  Gage, 

“ “ John  Lind, 

“ “ T.  T.  Geer, 

“ “ William  E.  Stanley, 

“ “ George  W.  Atkinson, 

Colonel  Albert  D.  Shaw,  Comder-in-Chief  G.  A.  R., 
Commodore  Commanding  George  L.  Seavey, 
National  Association  Naval  Veterans, 
Major-General  John  M.  Schofield,  U.  S.  A.  Comder- 
in-Chief  Military  Order  Loyal  Legion, 
Rear-Admiral  Francis  M.  Bunce,  U.  S.  N.  (Retired), 


the  State  of  Connecticut. 
Delaware. 

Pennsylvania. 

New  Jersey. 

Massachusetts. 

Maryland. 

New  Hampshire. 

New  York. 

Rhode  Island. 

Vermont. 

Kentucky. 

Ohio. 

Indiana. 

Illinois. 

Maine. 

Missouri. 

Michigan. 

Iowa. 

Wisconsin. 

California. 

Minnesota. 

Oregon. 

Kansas. 

West  Virginia. 
Watertown,  N.  Y. 

Chicago,  111. 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Hartford,  Conn. 


55 


ACTIVE  ORGANIZATION. 


President— Col.  NORRIS  G.  OSBORN,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. 
Vice-Presidents. 

Francis  B.  Allen,  (Late)  Engineer  Corps,  U.  S.  N.  Gen.  E.  S.  Greeley,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 
William  S.  Wells,  (Late)  Engineer  Corps,  U.  S.  N.  Hon.  N.  D.  Sperry,  M.  C. 

Col.  Simeon  J.  Fox,  (Late)  C.  N.  G.,  Pres’t  Army  and  Navy  Club,  Conn. 

Secretary— Gen.  George  H.  Ford,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. 

Assistant  Secretaries. 

John  M.  Crampton.  Willard  C.  Warren. 

Treasurer. 

New  Haven  Trust  Company,  T.  Attwater  Barnes,  President. 

Historian. 

William  S.  Wells,  (Late)  U.  S.  Navy. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 


Hon.  William  E.  Simonds. 
Col.  Norris  G.  Osborn. 
Francis  B.  Allen. 

Gen.  Edwin  S.  Greeley, 
(Late)  U.  S.  Vol. 

Hon.  N.  D.  Sperry,  M.  C. 
William  S.  Wells. 


Col.  Simeon  J.  Fox. 

Gen.  George  IT.  Ford,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. 
John  M.  Crampton. 

Willard  C.  Warren. 

Maj.T.  Attwater  Barnes, (Late)C.  X.G. 
Gen. Edward  E. Bradley, (Late)  C.N.G. 
Edward  A.  Bowers. 


Prof.  John  F.  Weir. 

Col.  Charles  W.  Pickett, 
(Late)  C.  N.  G. 

Wilson  H.  Lee. 

Max  Adler. 

Col.  Rutherford  Trow- 
bridge, (Late)  C.  N.  G. 


FINANCIAL  AND  SUBSCRIPTION  COMMITTEE. 


Chairman — Gen. 
Hon.  Samuel  E.  Merwin. 
Edward  C.  Beecher. 

Benjamin  R.  English. 

Geo.  B.  Martin,  Pres.  Union 
League  Club  of  N.  Haven. 


EDWARD  E.  BRADLEY, 
Ezekiel  G.  Stoddard. 
Francis  E.  Hunn. 

Edward  A.  Bowers. 

John  M.  Crampton. 


(Late)  C.  N.  G. 

Phelps  Montgomery. 
Edward  S.  Swift. 
Lieut-Col.  Frank  T.  Lee, 
(Late)  C.  N.  G. 


COMMITTEE  ON  DESIGN,  LOCATION  AND  ERECTION. 


His  Honor  Cornelius  T. 
Driscoll,  Mayor. 


Chairman— Prof.  JOHN  F.  WEIR. 
Hon.  N.  D.  Sperry,  M.  C. 

L.  W.  Robinson. 

Everett  E.  Lord. 


George  D.  Seymour. 
Henry  T.  Blake. 


William  G.  Pratt. 
Leo  Hammond. 
Alexander  Troup. 


PRESS  COMMITTEE. 
Chairman— CHARLES  W.  PICKETT. 


John  D.  Jackson. 
J.  B.  Lucke. 

F.  M.  Barber. 
James  F.  Scott. 


Lewis  S.  Welch. 
Wiegand  Schlein. 
Albert  Barclay. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PRINTING. 

Chairman— WILSON  H.  LEE. 

Major  Isaac  Bromley,  (Late)  C.  N.  G.  I John  IT.  Platt. 

John  C.  North.  I George  W.  Lewis. 


56 


GENERAL  COMMITTEE. 


Chairman — MAX  ADLER. 


National  Division.  (Invited.) 


Hon. 

Joseph  R.  Hawley, 

Connecticut. 

Hon.  Charles  W.  Fairbanks,  Indiana. 

“ 

Orville  H.  Platt, 

“ 

David  Turpie, 

“ 

Richard  Kenney, 

Delaware. 

“ Shelby  M.  Cullom, 

Illinois. 

George  Gray, 

“ 

“ William  E.  Mason, 

“ 

“ 

Boies  Penrose, 

Pennsylvania. 

“ Eugene  Hale, 

Maine. 

Matthew  S.  Quay, 

“ 

“ William  P.  Frye, 

“ 

“ 

William  J.  Sewell, 

New  Jersey. 

“ George  G.  Vest, 

Missouri. 

“ 

John  Kane, 

“ 

Francis  M.  Cockrell, 

“ 

“ 

George  F.  Hoar, 

Massachusetts. 

“ James  McMillan, 

Michigan. 

“ 

Henry  Cabot  Lodge, 

“ 

Julius  C.  Burrows, 

“ 

George  L.  Wellington,  Maryland. 

“ William  B.  Allison, 

Iowa. 

Arthur  P.  Gorman, 

“ 

John  H.  Gear, 

“ 

William  E.  Chandler, 

New  Hampshire. 

“ John  C.  Spooner, 

Wisconsin. 

Jacob  H.  Gallinger, 

“ 

John  L.  Mitchell, 

“ 

Thomas  C.  Platt, 

New  York. 

“ George  C.  Perkins, 

California. 

Chauncey  M.  Depew, 

“ 

Stephen  M.  White, 

“ 

Redfield  Proctor, 

Vermont. 

“ Knute  Nelson, 

Minnesota. 

“ 

John  H.  Gear, 

“ 

Cushman  K.  Davis, 

“ 

Nelson  W.  Aldrich, 

Rhode  Island. 

“ George  W.  McBride, 

Oregon. 

“ 

George  P.  Wetmore, 

“ 

Joseph  Simon, 

“ 

“ 

William  Lindsay, 

Kentucky. 

“ Lucien  Baker, 

Kansas. 

“ 

William  Deboe, 

“ 

William  A.  Harris, 

“ 

“ 

Marcus  A.  Hanna, 

Ohio. 

“ Stephen  B.  Elkins, 

West  Virginia. 

“ 

Joseph  B.  Foraker, 

“ 

Charles  J.  Faulkner, 

“ 

State  Division.  (Invited.) 


Ex.  Gov.  Charles  R.  Ingersoll,  New  Haven. 

“ Charles  B.  Andrews,  Litchfield. 
Thomas  M.  Waller,  New  London. 
Henry  B.  Harrison,  New  Haven. 
Phineas  C.  Lounsbury,  Ridgefield. 
Morgan  G.  Bulkeley,  Hartford. 

" O.  Vincent  Coffin,  Middletown. 
Lorrin  A.  Cooke,  Winsted. 

Hon.  E.  Stevens  Henry,  Rockville,  M.  C. 

“ Nehemiah  D.  Sperry,  New  Haven,  M.C. 
'•  Charles  A.  Russell,  Killingly,  M.  C. 

" Ebenezer  J.  Hill,  Norwalk,  M.  C. 

“ John  Addison  Porter,  Pomfret. 

“ Henry  C.  Robinson,  Hartford. 

“ Alfred  E.  Burr,  Hartford. 

“ John  R.  Buck,  Hartford. 

•“  George  C.  Waldo,  Bridgeport. 

“ W.  M.  Marigold,  Bridgeport. 

“ A.  M.  Talmadge,  Bridgeport. 

'•  Morris  B.  Beardsley,  Bridgeport. 

“ Zalmon  Goodsell,  Bridgeport. 


Hon.  Thomas  P.  Taylor,  Bridgeport. 

“ R.  E.  DeForest,  Bridgeport. 

“ Stephen  W.  Kellogg,  Waterbury. 

“ Dwight  Loomis,  Rockville. 

“ Louis  Sperry,  So.  Windsor. 

“ Robert  J.  Vance,  New  Britain. 

“ Washington  F.  Willcox,  Deep  River. 
“ George  C.  Woodruff,  Litchfield. 

“ Morris  W.  Seymour,  Bridgeport. 

“ Bynum  Chamberlain,  Meriden. 

“ H.  Wales  Lines,  Meriden. 

“ E.  J.  Doolittle,  Meriden. 

“ Frank  E.  Brandegee,  New  London. 

“ Samuel  Fessenden,  Stamford. 

“ W.  D.  Bishop,  Bridgeport. 

“ David  Torrance,  Derby. 

“ William  Waldo  Hyde,  Hartford. 

“ Samuel  Russell,  Middletown. 

“ William  T.  Elmer,  Middletown. 

“ George  M.  Gunn,  Milford. 

“ John  McGinley,  New  London. 


57 


Hon.  F.  J.  Kingsbury,  Waterbury. 

“ E.  C.  Lewis,  Waterbury. 

“ A.  B.  Beers,  Late  U.  S.  Vol.,  Bridgeport 
“ M.  S.  Chapman,  South  Manchester. 

“ George  H.  Hammond,  Putnam. 

“ T.  A.  Lake,  Rockville. 

“ James  G.  Batterson,  Hartford. 

“ John  M.  Allen,  Hartford. 

“ Ernest  Cady,  Hartford. 

Col.  Jacob  L.  Green,  (Late)U.  S.  V.,  Hartford. 
Hon.  Carlos  French,  Seymour. 

Col.  W.  E.  F.  Landers,  Ass’t  Adj.  Gen. Conn., 
Hartford. 

N.  H.  Heft,  Bridgeport. 

Col.  A.  C.  Tyler,  U.  S.  V.,  New  London. 

“ Henry  W.  Wessels,  (Late)  C.N.G.,  Litch- 
field. 

Cyrus  G.  Beckwith,  New  London. 

Charles  L.  Glover,  Norwich. 

Major  Lucius  H.  Fuller,  C.  N.  G.,  Putnam. 
Hon.  Thomas  D.  Barlow,  Waterbury. 

Capt.  John  P.  Kellogg  (Late)  C.  N.  G.,  Water- 
bury. 

H.  S.  Chase,  Waterbury. 

Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  Hartford. 

Charles  F.  Chapin,  Waterbury. 

John  L.  Hunter,  Willimantic. 

E.  C.  Benedict,  Greenwich. 

N.  Albert  Hooker,  Berlin. 

Charles  M.  Jarvis,  E.  Berlin. 

William  A.  King,  Windham. 

Hon.  L.  M.  Hubbard,  Wallingford. 

Col.  W.  J.  Leavenworth,  (Late)  C.  N.  G.,  Wal- 
lingford. 

“ Lucien  F.  Burpee,  C.  N.  G. , Waterbury. 
“ Charles  L.  Burdett,  C.  N.  G.,  Hartford. 

“ Charles  S.  Landers,  (Late)  C.  N.  G.,  New 
Britain. 

“ William  B.  Wooster, (Late)  U.S.V., Derby. 
G.  D.  Bates,  Past  Dept.  Comdr.  G.  A.  R., 
Putnam. 

Major  John  C.  Broatch,  Past  Dept.  Comdr. 
G.  A.  R.,  Conn.,  Middletown. 

“ Wm.  H.  Bently,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. , New 
London. 

Geo.  Pope,  Hartford. 

Col.  F.  W.  Cheney,  (Late),  U.  S.  V.,  S.  Man- 
chester. 

Hon.  Henry  E.  Taintor,  Hartford. 

Gen.  L.  M.  Van  Keuren,  C.N.G.,  Bridgeport. 

“ W.  W.  Skiddy,  (Late) C.N.G.,  Stamford. 
Genl.  Henry  C.  Dwight,  (Late)C.  N.G. , Hartford. 
Col.  William  FI.  Tubbs,  C.N.G. , New  London. 


Genl.  L.  A.  Dickinson,  (Late)  C.  N.  G.,  Hart- 
ford. 

Gen.  William  B.  Franklin,  U.  S.  A.,  Retired, 
Hartford. 

“ Edw.  Harland,  (Late)  U.S.V.,  Norwich. 
Capt.  H.  R.  Jones,  (Late)  U.  S.  V.,  New  Hart- 
ford. 

“ Charles  Griswold,  (Late)  U.  S.  V.,  Guil- 
ford. 

“ IraE.  Hicks, (Late)U.S.V., New  Britain. 
Hon.  John  G.  Root,  Hartford. 

Gen.  Russell  Frost,  C.  N.  G. , Norwalk. 

Rev.  Joseph  H.  Twichell,  Hartford. 

Rev.  Henry  Upson,  Late  Chaplain  U.  S.  V.,. 
New  Preston. 

“ Geo.  Williamson  Smith,  D.D.,  Hartford. 
Major  Thom'as  Boudren,(Late)U.S.  V.  .Bridge- 
port. 

“ S.  M.  Gladwin, (Late)U.S. V. , Hartford. 
Hon.  J.  Deming  Perkins,  Litchfield. 

William  H.  Williams,  Derby. 

A.  B.  Dunham,  Seymour. 

C.  S.  Canfield,  Bridgeport. 

Frank  Miller,  (Late)  U.  S.  Vol. , Bridgeport. 
De  Ver  H.  Warner,  Bridgeport. 

J.  M.  Emerson,  Ansonia. 

Charles  F.  Brooker,  Ansonia. 

Flon.  Thomas  S.  Grant,  Enfield. 

L.  A.  Upson,  Hartford. 

E.  Kent  Hubbard,  Middletown. 

Hon.  Frank  B.  Weeks,  Middletown. 

John  S.  Jones,  Westport. 

Franklin  Farrel,  Ansonia. 

J.  H.  Whittemore,  Naugatuck. 

H.  L.  Wade,  Waterbury. 

John  S.  Elton,  Waterbury. 

J.  H.  Thacher,  A.A.G.,G.A.R.,Ct.,  Hartford. 
Lieut.  J.  N.  Wilsey,  (Late)U.  S.  V.,  Hartford. 
John  T.  Crary,  Past  Dept.  Comdr.  G.  A.  R., 
Norwich. 

C.  C.  Kinne,  Meriden. 

L.  D.  Penfield,  New  Britain. 

Lieut.  S.  Wakeley.(Late)  U.S.V.  .Southington. 

B.  E.  Smith,  Past  Dept.  Comdr.  G.  A.  R., 

Willimantic. 

L.  S.  Chittendon,  Guilford. 

Anthony  Adams,  Stafford  Springs. 

C.  S.  Darrow,  (Late)  U.  S.  Vol.,  New  London. 
O.  W.  Cornish,  Past  Dept.  Comdr.  G.  A.  R.v 

Waterbury. 

T.  A.  Sage,  Middletown. 

Andrew  Gordon,  Hazardville. 

T.  L.  Norton,  Lakeville. 


58 


A.  W.  Converse,  Windsor  Locks. 

E.  S.  Bishop,  Norwich. 

Isaac  B.  Hyat,  Past  Dept  Comdr  G.  A.  R., 
Meriden. 

Charles  D.  Barnes,  Late  U.  S.V.,  Southington. 
N.  W.  Frisbie,  Southington. 

S.  Backman,  Shelton. 

E.  J.  Steele,  (Late)  U.  S.  Vol. , Torrington. 
Chauncey  Seeley,  Waterbury. 

Robert  T.  Duncan,  Thompsonville. 

J.  F.  Douglas,  Forestville. 

S.  K.  Porter,  Unionville. 

A.  Park  Hammond,  Rockville. 

John  E.  Case,  Avon. 

Ira  R.  Wildman,  Danbury. 

Charles  T.  Preston,  Willington. 

William  B.  Clark,  Hartford. 

G.  A.  R.  (Division)  Pos 
Henry  R.  Jones,  New  Hartf 

G.  D.  Bates,  Putnam. 

Henry  Merriman , Norwich. 

George  Jones,  Hartford. 

George  W.  Bloxson,  Bridgeport. 

William  Ferguson,  South  Manchester. 

George  F.  Tyler,  West  Cheshire. 

Charles  H.  Frisbie,  Stony  Creek. 

H.  C.  Hayden,  Meriden. 

H.  A.  Eastman,  Colchester. 

Abram  Howell,  New  Britain. 

R.  G.  Cutbill,  South  Norwalk. 

A.  S.  Smith,  Bristol. 

W.  H.  Dougal,  New  Preston. 

William  S.  Ward,  Southington. 

Dr.  Charles  Rawling,  New  Haven. 

C.  H.  Hoyt,  Danbury. 

John  Birmingham,  Stamford. 

E.  S.  Peck,  Greenwich. 

John  Hanscom,  Deep  River. 

Edw.  Davis,  Derby. 

W.  N.  Arnold,  Danielson. 

B.  Seagrave,  South  Coventry. 

W.  C.  Lyman,  Willimantic. 

John  F.  Simmons,  Sta.  A,  Winsted. 

A.  Willman,  Torrington. 

Frederick  Cornwall,  Milford. 

W,  W.  Smith,  Seymour. 

J.  A.  Hutchinson,  Guilford. 

F.  S.  Nichols,  Naugatuck. 

F.  A.  Adams,  Stafford  Springs. 

A.  A.  Davis. 

J.  R.  Avery,  New  London. 


George  E.  Chase,  Hartford. 

Capt.  DeW.  C.  Skilton,  (Late)  U.  S.  V.,  Hart- 
ford. 

Lieut.  Meigs  H.  Whaples,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. , 
Hartford. 

Ralph  W.  Cutler,  Hartford. 

Hon.  Adrian  J.  Muzzie,  Bristol. 

“ Charles  E.  Barnes. 

“ Samuel  Chittenden,  Madison. 

“ Sturges  Gardiner,  Ansonia. 

“ James  R.  Meigs,  Madison. 

“ John  H.  Meigs,  Madison. 

“ Myron  D.  Bugbee,  Putnam. 

Col.  Charles  L.  Upham,  (Late)  U.  S.V.,  Meri- 
den. 

Col.  Louis  F.  Heublein,  (Late)  C.  N.  G .Hart- 
ford. 

Commanders.  (Invited.) 

3,  Department  Comdr,  Conn. 

C.  V.  Arnold,  South  Norwalk. 

Chauncey  Seeley,  Waterbury. 

J.  W.  Longdon,  Hartford. 

J.  R.  Bowen,  Killingly. 

A.  G.  Bethel,  Middletown. 

G.  M.  Greene,  Putnam. 

Charles  Bennett,  Mystic. 

J.  P.  Davis,  Thompsonville. 

M.  H.  Barnard,  Forestville. 

E.  F.  Sanford,  Ore  Hill. 

M.  F.  Kilmer,  Canaan. 

J.  W.  Bell,  New  Canaan. 

Charles  Brandagee,  Farmington. 

L.  M.  Fanning,  Westport. 

J.  H.  Smith,  Silver  Lane,  East  Hartford. 

W.  B.  DeBloise,  Wethersfield. 

H.  M.  Adams,  Warehouse  Point. 

M.  J.  Grilley,  Thomaston. 

T.  A.  Lake,  Rockville. 

W.  G.  Bushnell,  Westbrook. 

S.  H.  Bockway,  North  Ashford. 

J.  E.  Reamer,  Central  Village. 

H.  Hofmeister,  New  Haven. 

J.  Nelson  Brown,  New  Hartford. 

George  R.  Bliven,  Central  Village. 

Albert  Church,  Chaplin. 

C.  W.  Hinsdale,  Litchfield. 

George  E.  Bray  ton,  Stonington. 

Horace  Winslow,  Weatogue. 

Samuel  Bouten,  Stamford. 

S.  P.  Morrison,  Willington. 

Lewis  Carley,  Bethel. 


59 


New  Haven  Division. 


His  Honor  Cornelius  T.  Driscoll,  Mayor. 
Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  LL.  D.,  Fres’t  Yale 
University. 

Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Late 
Pres’t  Yale  University. 

Henry  E.  Norris. 

James  Wrinn. 

William  S.  Beecher,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 

Hon.  Edw.  C.  Dow,  (Late)  Capt.  U.  S.  V. 
Calvin  N.  Kendall,  Supt.  of  Schools. 

Charles  P.  Clark,  (Late)  Vol.  Lieut.  U.  S.  N. 
Eli  Whitney. 

C.  A.  Lindsley,  M.  D. 

Prof.  Thomas  R.  Lounsbury. 

Hon.  S.  E.  Baldwin. 

W.  H.  Carmalt,  M.  D. 

Prof.  George  D.  Watrous. 

“ Charles  S.  Hastings. 

Hon.  William  K.  Townsend. 

Prof.  Andrew  W.  Phillips. 

Lieut.  Theodore  Gruener,  U.  S.  V. 

Prof.  John  C.  Schwab. 

Prof.  Wm.  Lyon  Phelps. 

James  H.  Webb. 

Capt.  James  M.  Townsend,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. 
Major  Luzerne  Ludington,  G.  H.  G.,  Conn. 
Prof.  R.  H.  Chittenden. 

James  T.  Moran. 

F.  H.  Beede. 

John  C.  Andrews. 

Prof.  Thomas  Mather. 

Rev.  Newman  Smyth,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 

“ Addison  Moore. 

“ Watson  L.  Phillips. 

“ E.  S.  Lines. 

“ Stewart  Means. 

“ Levi  Gilbert. 

“ Hugh  F.  Lilly. 

“ John  Russell. 

“ John  D.  Coyle. 

“ William  F.  Dickerman. 

“ David  Levy. 

George  N.  Moses,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 

James  A.  Howarth,  Postmaster,  New 
Haven. 

J.  Rice  Winchell. 

Henry  C.  Rowe. 

Col.  Timothy  F.  Callahan,  C.  N.  G. 

Capt.  Henry  A.  Kapitzke,  “ 

“ Jerome  F.  Donovan,  “ 

“ Arthur  B.  Smith, 

“ George  S.  Wood,  “ 


Capt.  Charles  F.  McCabe,  C.  N.  G. 

“ Daniel  S.  Lathrop.(Late)  “ 

Comdr.  E.  V.  Raynolds,  Naval  Reserve. 
Wallace  B.  Fenn. 

Lieut.  William  H.  Forsyth,  G.  H.  G.,  Conn. 
Frank  L.  Stiles. 

F.  D.  Grave, 

Major  Patrick  Maher,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 

Sanford  B.  Martin. 

F.  E.  Beckwith,  M.  D. 

S.  H.  Chapman,  M.  D. 

Roberts.  Ives,  M.  D. 

Max  Mailhouse,  M.  D. 

Benjamin  H.  Cheney,  M.  D.,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 
Edw.  M.  Armstrong. 

John  F.  Gaffey. 

Col.  I.  L.  Ullman,  C.  N.  G. 

Richard  F.  Lyon. 

Hon.  J.  B.  Sargent,  Ex- Mayor. 

“ George  F.  Holcomb,  Ex-Mayor. 

“ Henry  F.  Peck,  Ex-Mayor. 

“ A.  C.  Hendrick,  Ex-Mayor. 

“ F.  B.  Farnsworth,  Ex-Mayor. 

Charles  J.  Anderson. 

R.  R.  Faucher. 

Capt.  T.  T.  Wells,  C.  N.  G. 

E.  Hayes  Trowbridge. 

Joseph  Porter. 

Hon.  James  D.  Dewell. 

Frank  H.  Sperry. 

Willis  E.  Miller. 

Franklin  H.  Hart. 

Herbert  C.  Warren. 

George  S.  Barnum. 

Samuel  Lloyd. 

Herbert  Mason. 

Frank  H.  Hooker. 

John  R.  Richardson. 

Hon.  Lynde  Harrison. 

Hon.  A.  Heaton  Robertson. 

E.  Henry  Barnes. 

W.  R.  Tyler. 

Philo  S.  Bennett. 

Lieut.  Ewen  McIntyre,  G.  F.  G. 

David  S.  Gamble. 

M.  Sonnenberg. 

S.  B.  Shoninger. 

Capt.  William  Neely,  G.  F.  G. 

James  E.  McGann. 

Lieut.  F.  L.  Averill,  (Late)  Ass’t  Paymaster, 
U.  S.  N. 

Hon.  James  P.  Bree. 


60 


A.  W.  Forbes. 

Alex.  Troup. 

Frank  C.  Bushnell. 

Col.  John  G.  Healy,  (late)  U.  S.  V. 

George  J.  Bassett. 

E.  L.  Howe. 

C.  M.  Walker. 

George  R.  Chamberlain. 

Capt.  L.  O'Brien,  (late)  U.  S.  V. 

Edw.  McCarthy. 

Thomas  H.  Sullivan. 

L.  Wheeler  Beecher. 

John  B.  Kennedy. 

Hon.  James  Graham. 

Israel  A.  Kelsey. 

Ezra  D.  Fogg. 

George  M.  Grant. 

Capt.  Charles  E.  Hart,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 
Walter  Leigh. 

Edward  Malley. 

Walter  Camp. 

Major  D.  A.  Blakeslee,  (Late)  G.  H.  G. 
Charles  W.  Scranton. 

M.  Steinert, 

E.  E.  Durant. 

Charles  W.  Whittelsey. 

Major  Edward  M.  Clark,  G.  H.  G. 

Hon.  David  Callahan. 

F.  H.  Benton. 

Francis  Bacon,  M.  D.,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 
Thomas  S.  Russell,  M.  D. 

William  W.  Hawkes,  M.  D.,  (Late)  C.  N.  G. 
William  G.  Daggett,  M.  D. 

William  C.  Welch,  M.  D. 

Prof.  Theodore  S.  Woolsey. 

Col.  Rollin  S.  Woodruff,  C.  N.  G. 

Thomas  I.  Kinney. 

Col.  John  W.  Lowe,  C.  N.  G. 

Major  Benjamin  E.  Brown,  (Late)  G.  F.  G. 
Hon.  James  Bishop. 

Prof.  Henry  W.  Farnam. 

Thomas  G.  Bennett. 

Prof.  George  J.  Brush. 

Prof.  Morris  F.  Tyler. 

Thomas  Hooker. 

Lewis  Osterweis. 

A.  W.  Mattoon. 

Harry  K.  Rowe. 

A.  W.  Marsh. 

Samuel  Hemingway. 

Hon.  Charles  S.  Mersick. 

W.  F.  Day. 

Henry  L.  Hotchkiss. 


George  W.  Curtis. 

Edmund  Zacher. 

Charles  R.  Spiegel. 

Frederick  N.  Brethauer. 

Isaac  Wolfe. 

Henry  Bussman. 

L.  M.  Ullman. 

J.  P.  Goodhart. 

Henry  Fresenius. 

Edward  I.  Atwater. 

George  F.  Burgess. 

Capt.  Nathan  Easterbrook,  Jr.  J(Late)U.  S..V. 
Major  A.  H.  Embler,  (Late^U.  S.JV. 

Eugene  C.  Hill. 

Abner  Hendee. 

Rollin  McNeil,  (Late)  U.  S.  Vol.,  M.  D. 
Samuel  H.  Read. 

Sherwood  S.  Thompson. 

Eli  Mix. 

John  P.  Auger. 

Henry  F.  English. 

Hon.  John  P.  Studley. 

“ Francis  Wayland. 

Prof.  W.  H.  Brewer. 

John  T.  Manson. 

William  E.  Chandler. 

John  E.  Peabody. 

R.  H.  Tyner. 

George  F.  Gundelsheimer. 

Pierce  N.  Welch. 

Robert  A.  Brown. 

Maier  Zunder. 

Burton  Mansfield. 

Charles  S.  Leete. 

John  Ruff. 

Phillip  Hugo. 

Major  Theodore  H.  Sucher,  C.  N.  G. 
j John  Gunde. 

H.  W.  Asher. 

Charles  Rachfuss. 

F.  M.  Adler. 

' Frank  May  linger. 

Samuel  P.  Crafts,  (Late)  Vol.  Lieut.  U.  S.  N. 
i Henry  H.  Guernsey. 

Lyman  H.  Johnson. 

''  Hart  D.  Munson. 

Edward  S.  Swift. 

John  McCarthy,  (Late)  U.  S.  V. 

Robert  A.  France. 

| Felix  Chillingworth. 


61 


Duke  University  Libraries 


D00326250I 


